python - Django:标记为已读 "Notifications"

我正在做一个学校项目。现在任何用户都可以提出问题。

为了在任何用户提出问题时通知所有用户，我创建了一个新应用程序并在提出问题时通过简单的“ View ”通知他们。但这只是简单的通知。

用户打开“通知”选项卡后，如何将它们标记为已读？就像在社交网络上一样!

最佳答案

我建议您使用 ContentType 为任何模型制作动态通知。下面的这段代码是如何实现 通知系统 的示例；

1. 在你的 models.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _


class ContentTypeToGetModel(object):

    """
    requires fields:
        - content_type: FK(ContentType)
        - object_id: PositiveIntegerField()
    """

    def get_related_object(self):
        """
        return the related object of content_type.
        eg: <Question: Holisticly grow synergistic best practices>
        """
        # This should return an error: MultipleObjectsReturned
        # return self.content_type.get_object_for_this_type()
        # So, i handle it with this one:
        model_class = self.content_type.model_class()
        return model_class.objects.get(id=self.object_id)

    @property
    def _model_name(self):
        """
        return lowercase of model name.
        eg: `question`, `answer`
        """
        return self.get_related_object()._meta.model_name


class Notification(models.Model, ContentTypeToGetModel):
    # sender = models.ForeignKey(
    #    User, related_name='notification_sender')

    receiver = models.ForeignKey(
        User, related_name='notification_receiver')

    content_type = models.ForeignKey(
        ContentType, related_name='notifications', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField(_('Object id'))
    content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')

    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    STATUS_CHOICES = (
        ('reply', _('a reply')),
        ('comment', _('a comment')),
        ('message', _('a message'))
    )
    status = models.CharField(
        _('Status'), max_length=20,
        choices=STATUS_CHOICES, default='comment')

    is_read = models.BooleanField(
        _('Is read?'), default=False)

    def __str__(self):
        title = _('%(receiver)s have a %(status)s in the %(model)s:%(id)s')
        return title % {'receiver': self.receiver.username, 'status': self.status,
                        'model': self._model_name, 'id': self.object_id}

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = _('notifications')
        ordering = ['-created']

2. 在你的 views.py

from django.views.generic import (ListView, DetailView)
from yourapp.models import Notification


class NotificationListView(ListView):
    model = Notification
    context_object_name = 'notifications'
    paginate_by = 10
    template_name = 'yourapp/notifications.html'

    def get_queryset(self):
        notifications = self.model.objects.filter(receiver=self.request.user)

        # mark as reads if `user` is visit on this page.
        notifications.update(is_read=True)
        return notifications

3. 在你的 yourapp/notifications.html

{% extends "base.html" %}

{% for notif in notifications %}
  {{ notif }}

  {# for specific is like below #}
  {# `specific_model_name` eg: `comment`, `message`, `post` #}
  {% if notif._model_name == 'specific_model_name' %}
    {# do_stuff #}
  {% endif %}
{% endfor %}

from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType

def send_a_comment(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = SendCommentForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            instance = form.save(commit=False)
            #instance.sender = request.user
            ...
            instance.save()

            receiver = User.objects.filter(email=instance.email).first()
            content_type = ContentType.objects.get(model='comment')

            notif = Notification.objects.create(
                receiver=receiver,
                #sender=request.user,
                content_type=content_type,
                object_id=instance.id,
                status='comment'
            )
            notif.save()

您可以使用模板标签处理它，例如:

# yourapp/templatetags/notification_tags.py

from django import template

from yourapp.models import Notification

register = template.Library()

@register.filter
def has_unread_notif(user):
    notifications = Notification.objects.filter(receiver=user, is_read=False)
    if notifications.exists():
        return True
    return False

和 navs.html 菜单:

{% load notification_tags %}

{% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
  <ul class="authenticated-menu">
    <li>
        <a href="/notifications/">
          {% if request.user|has_unread_notif %}
            <i class="globe red active icon"></i>
          {% else %}
            <i class="globe icon"></i>
          {% endif %}
        </a>
    </li>
  </ul>
{% endif %}

关于python - Django:标记为已读 "Notifications"，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46247729/