尝试使用 make 在 QEMU 中编译我的代码时,在链接阶段出现 undefined reference 错误。 Afaik 配置参数是正确的,因此应该正确使用共享库进行链接,但也许我忽略了一些东西。

任何帮助,将不胜感激!

以下是我已经收集的许多其他信息:

解决方案:参见Zach's answer

我现在通过将 LIBS+=-lcity 添加到 Makefile.target 文件来管理它。

谢谢大家!

更新:

make V=1 输出:

cc -Werror -fPIE -DPIE -m64 -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
-D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -Wstrict-prototypes -Wredundant-decls -Wall -Wundef
-Wwrite-strings -Wmissing-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -I/home/user/cityhash
-Wendif-labels -Wmissing-include-dirs -Wempty-body -Wnested-externs
-Wformat-security -Wformat-y2k -Winit-self -Wignored-qualifiers
-Wold-style-declaration -Wold-style-definition -Wtype-limits
-fstack-protector-all -I/usr/include/p11-kit-1     -I/usr/include/libpng12
-I/usr/include/pixman-1     -I../linux-headers -I..
-I/home/user/qemu/target-i386 -DNEED_CPU_H -I/home/user/qemu/include -pthread
-I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include   -O2
-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g  -Wl,--warn-common -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie -m64 -g
-L/home/user/lib -Wl,-rpath=/home/user/lib -lcity -o qemu-system-x86_64 [… all
*.o files … ] ../libqemuutil.a ../libqemustub.a   -lrt -pthread -lgthread-2.0
-lrt -lglib-2.0    -lutil -lrbd -lrados -lbluetooth   -lcurl   -lncurses -ltinfo
-lbrlapi  -luuid -lpng12   -ljpeg -lsasl2 -lgnutls   -lSDL   -lX11  -lz -laio
-lpixman-1   -lm

接下来是我在下面写的正常错误输出(除了 LINK ,在这种情况下它是缺失的)。

错误:
~/qemu$ make
...
  LINK  x86_64-softmmu/qemu-system-x86_64
my_code.o: In function `function`:
/home/user/qemu/my_code.c:982: undefined reference to `CityHash64'
...
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [qemu-system-x86_64] Error 1
make: *** [subdir-x86_64-softmmu] Error 2

配置参数:
./configure [...] \
    --extra-cflags='-I/home/user/cityhash' \
    --extra-ldflags='-L/home/user/lib -Wl,-rpath=/home/user/lib -lcity'

文件夹结构:
~
├─ cityhash/
│  ├─ city.h
│  └─ ...
├─ lib/
│  ├─ libcity.so
│  └─ ...
└─ qemu/

头文件包含和函数使用(my_code.c):
[...]
 11  #include "city.h"

982  hash = CityHash64(buf, len);
[...]

共享库的 Nm 输出:
~/lib$ nm libcity.so
[...]
0000000000000fdc T CityHash64
[...]

生成期间的跟踪输出:
~/qemu$ strace -f -o ../strace.out -- make
[...]
16111 stat("/home/user/lib/libcity.so", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=18468, ...}) = 0
16111 open("/home/user/lib/libcity.so", O_RDONLY) = 7
16111 fcntl(7, F_GETFD)                 = 0
16111 fcntl(7, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)     = 0
16111 fstat(7, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=18468, ...}) = 0
16111 mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2aaaaaad9000
16111 lseek(7, 0, SEEK_SET)             = 0
16111 read(7, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0`\7\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 brk(0x2129000)                    = 0x2129000
16111 lseek(7, 12288, SEEK_SET)         = 12288
16111 read(7, "9\23\2%\25\0\2\4\1\364\0\2\4\1\2E\23\0\2\4\1\2>\23\0\2\4\1\203\0\2\4"..., 4096) = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 16384, SEEK_SET)         = 16384
16111 lseek(7, 16384, SEEK_SET)         = 16384
16111 lseek(7, 0, SEEK_SET)             = 0
16111 read(7, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0`\7\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 12288, SEEK_SET)         = 12288
16111 read(7, "9\23\2%\25\0\2\4\1\364\0\2\4\1\2E\23\0\2\4\1\2>\23\0\2\4\1\203\0\2\4"..., 4096) = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 0, SEEK_SET)             = 0
16111 read(7, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0`\7\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 8192, SEEK_SET)          = 8192
16111 read(7, "\6\2\233\f\7\10\0\0$\0\0\0\314\1\0\0\314\354\377\377\210\0\0\0\0A\16\20\206\2C\r"..., 4096) = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 12288, SEEK_SET)         = 12288
16111 lseek(7, 12288, SEEK_SET)         = 12288
16111 lseek(7, 12288, SEEK_SET)         = 12288
16111 lseek(7, 12288, SEEK_SET)         = 12288
16111 read(7, "9\23\2%\25\0\2\4\1\364\0\2\4\1\2E\23\0\2\4\1\2>\23\0\2\4\1\203\0\2\4"..., 4096) = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 8192, SEEK_SET)          = 8192
16111 read(7, "\6\2\233\f\7\10\0\0$\0\0\0\314\1\0\0\314\354\377\377\210\0\0\0\0A\16\20\206\2C\r"..., 4096) = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 0, SEEK_SET)             = 0
16111 read(7, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0`\7\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 4096) = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
16111 lseek(7, 4096, SEEK_SET)          = 4096
[...]
16111 close(7)                          = 0
[...]

最佳答案

好的,这似乎是链接顺序问题。链接命令行的关键位是:

-g -L/home/user/lib -Wl,-rpath=/home/user/lib -lcity -o qemu-system-x86_64

然后
[... all *.o files ...] ../libqemuutil.a ../libqemustub.a
-lrt -pthread -lgthread2.0 [... more libraries ...]

问题是 -lcity 需要出现在命令行上的所有 .o 文件之后,因为顺序很重要:库只会从命令行中位于它们之前的目标文件中搜索未解析的符号。

这可能是一个 Automake 生成的 Makefile,这意味着您需要将 -lcity 放入 LDADD 以进行违规链接操作,而不是 LDFLAGS 。可以使用 --extra-libs=-lcity 配置选项来完成此操作(从 -lcity 中删除 --extra-ldflags ,但保留其他所有内容)。如果没有,请尝试 make LDADD=-lcity 。如果这不起作用(它有相当高的几率破坏需要在 LDADD 中的其他东西),您将不得不深入研究生成的 Makefile(从 Makefile.am 中不会很明显),看看是否有您可以在命令行上设置的另一个变量。

关于c - 共享库和 ldflags 的 "Undefined reference"错误,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19362802/

10-11 21:21