我喜欢this RStudio blog post中描述的有关列规范的工作流程。基本上,可以在导入read_csv
后获取列规范,然后将其保存下来以备后用。例如,从该帖子中:
mtcars2 <- read_csv(readr_example("mtcars.csv"))
#> Parsed with column specification:
#> cols(
#> mpg = col_double(),
#> cyl = col_integer(),
#> disp = col_double(),
#> hp = col_integer(),
#> drat = col_double(),
#> wt = col_double(),
#> qsec = col_double(),
#> vs = col_integer(),
#> am = col_integer(),
#> gear = col_integer(),
#> carb = col_integer()
#> )
# Once you've figured out the correct types
mtcars_spec <- write_rds(spec(mtcars2), "mtcars2-spec.rds")
# Every subsequent load
mtcars2 <- read_csv(
readr_example("mtcars.csv"),
col_types = read_rds("mtcars2-spec.rds")
)
不幸的是,spec对象本身是具有属性的列表,但是与通过
read_csv
参数提供给col_types
函数的不同列规范不匹配> mtcars_spec$cols$cyl
<collector_integer>
> str(mtcars_spec$cols$cyl)
list()
- attr(*, "class")= chr [1:2] "collector_integer" "collector"
> class(mtcars_spec)
[1] "col_spec"
此外,.rds文件在Windows中进行编辑很丑陋(至少对我而言)。
我希望能够编辑一个较大的
col_spec
对象(例如,跳过某些列,或者以其他方式编辑该类)。我可以不断猜测编辑列表所需的字符串,如下所示:attr(mtcars_spec$cols$cyl,"class")[1] = "collector_skip"` # this worked!
> mtcars_spec
cols(
mpg = col_double(),
cyl = col_skip(),
disp = col_double(),
hp = col_integer(),
drat = col_double(),
wt = col_double(),
qsec = col_double(),
vs = col_integer(),
am = col_integer(),
gear = col_integer(),
carb = col_integer()
)
但这似乎很尴尬。有没有更优雅的方法来更新列分类,例如在我的示例中,尝试跳过
mtcars$cyl
列?或者,如果不是一种优雅的方式,那么一种涵盖所有可能类型的方式?我不想对如何使用各种日期格式实现<collector_date>
进行大量猜测。 最佳答案
这是Jim Hester's Github post的最低版本
library(readr)
test_spec <- spec_csv('x,y,theDate,skipCol
1,a,"21/01/2018", "skip1
2,z,"31/01/2018", "skip2')
test_spec
#> cols(
#> x = col_integer(),
#> y = col_character(),
#> theDate = col_character(),
#> skipCol = col_character()
#> )
test_spec$cols[["theDate"]] <- col_date("%d/%m/%Y")
test_spec$cols[["skipCol"]] <- col_skip()
test_spec
#> cols(
#> x = col_integer(),
#> y = col_character(),
#> theDate = col_date(format = "%d/%m/%Y"),
#> skipCol = col_skip()
#> )
笔记
关于阅读器-如何从spec()更新col_spec对象,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39135129/