我在一个竞争性的编程书中发现了这个问题,但是却没有解决方法。对于给定的两个整数A和B(可以适合64位整数类型),其中A是奇数,请找到一对数字X和Y,使得A = X * Y和B = X xorY。
我的方法是列出A的所有除数,然后尝试将sqrt(A)下的数字与sqrt(A)上的数字配对,这些数字乘以A,然后看它们的xor是否等于B。但是我不知道这样做是否足够有效。
什么是解决这个问题的好方法/算法?

最佳答案

这是一个简单的递归,它遵循我们知道的规则:(1)X和Y的最低有效位都被设置,因为只有奇数被乘数产生奇数倍; (2)如果将X设置为B的最高设置位,则Y不能大于sqrt(A); (3)根据B中的当前位设置X或Y中的位。

下面的Python代码为我从Matt Timmermans的example code中挑选的随机对中的一个对进行了不到300次迭代。但是第一个进行了231,199次迭代:)

from math import sqrt

def f(A, B):
  i = 64
  while not ((1<<i) & B):
    i = i - 1
  X = 1 | (1 << i)

  sqrtA = int(sqrt(A))

  j = 64
  while not ((1<<j) & sqrtA):
    j = j - 1

  if (j > i):
    i = j + 1

  memo = {"it": 0, "stop": False, "solution": []}

  def g(b, x, y):
    memo["it"] = memo["it"] + 1
    if memo["stop"]:
      return []

    if y > sqrtA or y * x > A:
      return []

    if b == 0:
      if x * y == A:
        memo["solution"].append((x, y))
        memo["stop"] = True
        return [(x, y)]
      else:
        return []

    bit = 1 << b

    if B & bit:
      return g(b - 1, x, y | bit) + g(b - 1, x | bit, y)
    else:
      return g(b - 1, x | bit, y | bit) + g(b - 1, x, y)

  g(i - 1, X, 1)
  return memo

vals = [
  (6872997084689100999, 2637233646), # 1048 checks with Matt's code
  (3461781732514363153, 262193934464), # 8756 checks with Matt's code
  (931590259044275343, 5343859294), # 4628 checks with Matt's code
  (2390503072583010999, 22219728382), # 5188 checks with Matt's code
  (412975927819062465, 9399702487040), # 8324 checks with Matt's code
  (9105477787064988985, 211755297373604352), # 3204 checks with Matt's code
  (4978113409908739575,67966612030), # 5232 checks with Matt's code
  (6175356111962773143,1264664368613886), # 3756 checks with Matt's code
  (648518352783802375, 6) # B smaller than sqrt(A)
]

for A, B in vals:
  memo = f(A, B)
  [(x, y)] = memo["solution"]
  print "x, y: %s, %s" % (x, y)
  print "A:   %s" % A
  print "x*y: %s" % (x * y)
  print "B:   %s" % B
  print "x^y: %s" % (x ^ y)
  print "%s iterations" % memo["it"]
  print ""

输出:
x, y: 4251585939, 1616572541
A:   6872997084689100999
x*y: 6872997084689100999
B:   2637233646
x^y: 2637233646
231199 iterations

x, y: 262180735447, 13203799
A:   3461781732514363153
x*y: 3461781732514363153
B:   262193934464
x^y: 262193934464
73 iterations

x, y: 5171068311, 180154313
A:   931590259044275343
x*y: 931590259044275343
B:   5343859294
x^y: 5343859294
257 iterations

x, y: 22180179939, 107776541
A:   2390503072583010999
x*y: 2390503072583010999
B:   22219728382
x^y: 22219728382
67 iterations

x, y: 9399702465439, 43935
A:   412975927819062465
x*y: 412975927819062465
B:   9399702487040
x^y: 9399702487040
85 iterations

x, y: 211755297373604395, 43
A:   9105477787064988985
x*y: 9105477787064988985
B:   211755297373604352
x^y: 211755297373604352
113 iterations

x, y: 68039759325, 73164771
A:   4978113409908739575
x*y: 4978113409908739575
B:   67966612030
x^y: 67966612030
69 iterations

x, y: 1264664368618221, 4883
A:   6175356111962773143
x*y: 6175356111962773143
B:   1264664368613886
x^y: 1264664368613886
99 iterations

x, y: 805306375, 805306369
A:   648518352783802375
x*y: 648518352783802375
B:   6
x^y: 6
59 iterations

关于algorithm - 对于给定的两个整数A和B,找到一对数字X和Y,使得A = X * Y和B = X x或Y,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59010551/

10-11 15:19