JDBC编程步骤

JDBC编程

简介

• JDBC即java数据库连接，是java与数据库连接的桥梁或者插件，用java代码就能操作数据库的增删改查、存储过程、事物。

工作原理图

配置

• 导入数据库驱动

编程步骤

• 加载驱动程序

  Class.forName(driverClass)
  //加载Mysql驱动
  Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
  //加载Oracle驱动
  Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver")
  

• 获得数据库连接

  Connection conn=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/imooc", "root", "root");
  

• 创建Statement\PreparedStatement对象

  conn.createStatement();
  conn.prepareStatement(sql);
  

Statement\PreparedStatement对象的区别

• Statement是PreparedStatement的父类。

• sql语句放的位置不一样

  Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
  Resultset rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
  //下面是PreparedStatement方法
  PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
  resultSet rs=ptmt.executeQuery();//一般开发用这个
  

完整实例

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class DbUtil {

 public static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/imooc";
 public static final String USER = "liulx";
 public static final String PASSWORD = "123456";
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
     //1.加载驱动程序
     Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
     //2. 获得数据库连接
     Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
     //3.操作数据库，实现增删改查
     Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
     ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT user_name, age FROM imooc_goddess");
     //如果有数据，rs.next()返回true
     while(rs.next()){
         System.out.println(rs.getString("user_name")+" 年龄："+rs.getInt("age"));
     }
 }
}

增删改查

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class DbUtil {

    public static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/imooc";
    public static final String USER = "liulx";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "123456";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.加载驱动程序
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //2. 获得数据库连接
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
        //3.操作数据库，实现增删改查
        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT user_name, age FROM imooc_goddess");
        //如果有数据，rs.next()返回true
        while(rs.next()){
            System.out.println(rs.getString("user_name")+" 年龄："+rs.getInt("age"));
        }
    }
}
增删改查
public class DbUtil {
    public static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/imooc";
    public static final String USER = "liulx";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "123456";
    private static Connection conn = null;
    static{
        try {
            //1.加载驱动程序
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            //2. 获得数据库连接
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static Connection getConnection(){
        return conn;
    }
}

//模型
package liulx.model;

import java.util.Date;

public class Goddess {

    private Integer id;
    private String user_name;
    private Integer sex;
    private Integer age;
    private Date birthday; //注意用的是java.util.Date
    private String email;
    private String mobile;
    private String create_user;
    private String update_user;
    private Date create_date;
    private Date update_date;
    private Integer isDel;
    //getter setter方法。。。
}

//---------dao层--------------
package liulx.dao;

import liulx.db.DbUtil;
import liulx.model.Goddess;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class GoddessDao {
    //增加
    public void addGoddess(Goddess g) throws SQLException {
        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        //sql
        String sql = "INSERT INTO imooc_goddess(user_name, sex, age, birthday, email, mobile,"+
            "create_user, create_date, update_user, update_date, isdel)"
                +"values("+"?,?,?,?,?,?,?,CURRENT_DATE(),?,CURRENT_DATE(),?)";
        //预编译
        PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //预编译SQL，减少sql执行

        //传参
        ptmt.setString(1, g.getUser_name());
        ptmt.setInt(2, g.getSex());
        ptmt.setInt(3, g.getAge());
        ptmt.setDate(4, new Date(g.getBirthday().getTime()));
        ptmt.setString(5, g.getEmail());
        ptmt.setString(6, g.getMobile());
        ptmt.setString(7, g.getCreate_user());
        ptmt.setString(8, g.getUpdate_user());
        ptmt.setInt(9, g.getIsDel());

        //执行
        ptmt.execute();
    }

    public void updateGoddess(){
        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        //sql, 每行加空格
        String sql = "UPDATE imooc_goddess" +
                " set user_name=?, sex=?, age=?, birthday=?, email=?, mobile=?,"+
                " update_user=?, update_date=CURRENT_DATE(), isdel=? "+
                " where id=?";
        //预编译
        PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //预编译SQL，减少sql执行

        //传参
        ptmt.setString(1, g.getUser_name());
        ptmt.setInt(2, g.getSex());
        ptmt.setInt(3, g.getAge());
        ptmt.setDate(4, new Date(g.getBirthday().getTime()));
        ptmt.setString(5, g.getEmail());
        ptmt.setString(6, g.getMobile());
        ptmt.setString(7, g.getUpdate_user());
        ptmt.setInt(8, g.getIsDel());
        ptmt.setInt(9, g.getId());

        //执行
        ptmt.execute();
    }

    public void delGoddess(){
        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        //sql, 每行加空格
        String sql = "delete from imooc_goddess where id=?";
        //预编译SQL，减少sql执行
        PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);

        //传参
        ptmt.setInt(1, id);

        //执行
        ptmt.execute();
    }

    public List<Goddess> query() throws SQLException {
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT user_name, age FROM imooc_goddess");

        List<Goddess> gs = new ArrayList<Goddess>();
        Goddess g = null;
        while(rs.next()){
            g = new Goddess();
            g.setUser_name(rs.getString("user_name"));
            g.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));

            gs.add(g);
        }
        return gs;
    }

    public Goddess get(){
        Goddess g = null;
        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        //sql, 每行加空格
        String sql = "select * from  imooc_goddess where id=?";
        //预编译SQL，减少sql执行
        PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        //传参
        ptmt.setInt(1, id);
        //执行
        ResultSet rs = ptmt.executeQuery();
        while(rs.next()){
            g = new Goddess();
            g.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
            g.setUser_name(rs.getString("user_name"));
            g.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
            g.setSex(rs.getInt("sex"));
            g.setBirthday(rs.getDate("birthday"));
            g.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
            g.setMobile(rs.getString("mobile"));
            g.setCreate_date(rs.getDate("create_date"));
            g.setCreate_user(rs.getString("create_user"));
            g.setUpdate_date(rs.getDate("update_date"));
            g.setUpdate_user(rs.getString("update_user"));
            g.setIsDel(rs.getInt("isdel"));
        }
        return g;
    }
}

数据库连接工具为什么写成单例？

• 设计模式之单例模式一般应用在在数据库操作里，数据库操作就要经常创建实例，然后进行数据库操作，所有就可以将数据库操作的方法，进行封装，然后采用单例模式进行设计，然后采用单例模式之后，就可以节约系统资源，对于一些需要频繁创建和销毁的对象单例模式无疑可以提高系统的性能。