更新10/27:我已经在答案中提出了实现一致规模的详细步骤。基本上，对于每个Graphics对象，您需要将所有填充/边距都固定为0，并手动指定plotRange和imageSize，以使1)plotRange包括所有图形2)imageSize = scale * plotRange
现在仍然确定该怎么做1)完全概括地说，给出了一种适用于由点和粗线(AbsoluteThickness)组成的Graphics的解决方案
我在VertexRenderingFunction和“VertexCoordinates”中使用“Inset”来保证图形子图之间的外观一致。这些子图使用“Inset”绘制为另一个图的顶点。有两个问题，一个是结果框未在图形周围裁剪(即，一个顶点的图仍放置在一个大框中)，另一个是大小之间存在奇怪的变化(您可以看到一个框是垂直的) 。谁能看到解决这些问题的方法？
这与早期的question有关如何保持顶点大小看起来相同有关，尽管Michael Pilat建议使用Inset可以使顶点渲染保持相同的比例，但整体比例可能会有所不同。例如，在左侧分支上，相对于顶部图中的“2,3”子图，由顶点2,3组成的图被拉伸(stretch)，即使我对两个顶点都使用了绝对顶点定位
(来源:yaroslavvb.com)
(*utilities*)intersect[a_, b_] := Select[a, MemberQ[b, #] &];
induced[s_] := Select[edges, #~intersect~s == # &];
Needs["GraphUtilities`"];
subgraphs[
verts_] := (gr =
Rule @@@ Select[edges, (Intersection[#, verts] == #) &];
Sort /@ WeakComponents[gr~Join~(# -> # & /@ verts)]);
(*graph*)
gname = {"Grid", {3, 3}};
edges = GraphData[gname, "EdgeIndices"];
nodes = Union[Flatten[edges]];
AppendTo[edges, #] & /@ ({#, #} & /@ nodes);
vcoords = Thread[nodes -> GraphData[gname, "VertexCoordinates"]];
(*decompose*)
edgesOuter = {};
pr[_, _, {}] := None;
pr[root_, elim_,
remain_] := (If[root != {}, AppendTo[edgesOuter, root -> remain]];
pr[remain, intersect[Rest[elim], #], #] & /@
subgraphs[Complement[remain, {First[elim]}]];);
pr[{}, {4, 5, 6, 1, 8, 2, 3, 7, 9}, nodes];
(*visualize*)
vrfInner =
Inset[Graphics[{White, EdgeForm[Black], Disk[{0, 0}, .05], Black,
Text[#2, {0, 0}]}, ImageSize -> 15], #] &;
vrfOuter =
Inset[GraphPlot[Rule @@@ induced[#2],
VertexRenderingFunction -> vrfInner,
VertexCoordinateRules -> vcoords, SelfLoopStyle -> None,
Frame -> True, ImageSize -> 100], #] &;
TreePlot[edgesOuter, Automatic, nodes,
EdgeRenderingFunction -> ({Red, Arrow[#1, 0.2]} &),
VertexRenderingFunction -> vrfOuter, ImageSize -> 500]
这是另一个示例，与以前相同，但相对比例的差异更明显。目的是使第二张图片中的部分与第一张图片中的部分精确匹配。
(来源:yaroslavvb.com)
(* Visualize tree decomposition of a 3x3 grid *)
inducedGraph[set_] := Select[edges, # \[Subset] set &];
Subset[a_, b_] := (a \[Intersection] b == a);
graphName = {"Grid", {3, 3}};
edges = GraphData[graphName, "EdgeIndices"];
vars = Range[GraphData[graphName, "VertexCount"]];
vcoords = Thread[vars -> GraphData[graphName, "VertexCoordinates"]];
plotHighlight[verts_, color_] := Module[{vpos, coords},
vpos =
Position[Range[GraphData[graphName, "VertexCount"]],
Alternatives @@ verts];
coords = Extract[GraphData[graphName, "VertexCoordinates"], vpos];
If[coords != {}, AppendTo[coords, First[coords] + .002]];
Graphics[{color, CapForm["Round"], JoinForm["Round"],
Thickness[.2], Opacity[.3], Line[coords]}]];
jedges = {{{1, 2, 4}, {2, 4, 5, 6}}, {{2, 3, 6}, {2, 4, 5, 6}}, {{4,
5, 6}, {2, 4, 5, 6}}, {{4, 5, 6}, {4, 5, 6, 8}}, {{4, 7, 8}, {4,
5, 6, 8}}, {{6, 8, 9}, {4, 5, 6, 8}}};
jnodes = Union[Flatten[jedges, 1]];
SeedRandom[1]; colors =
RandomChoice[ColorData["WebSafe", "ColorList"], Length[jnodes]];
bags = MapIndexed[plotHighlight[#, bc[#] = colors[[First[#2]]]] &,
jnodes];
Show[bags~
Join~{GraphPlot[Rule @@@ edges, VertexCoordinateRules -> vcoords,
VertexLabeling -> True]}, ImageSize -> Small]
bagCentroid[bag_] := Mean[bag /. vcoords];
findExtremeBag[vec_] := (
vertList = First /@ vcoords;
coordList = Last /@ vcoords;
extremePos =
First[Ordering[jnodes, 1,
bagCentroid[#1].vec > bagCentroid[#2].vec &]];
jnodes[[extremePos]]
);
extremeDirs = {{1, 1}, {1, -1}, {-1, 1}, {-1, -1}};
extremeBags = findExtremeBag /@ extremeDirs;
extremePoses = bagCentroid /@ extremeBags;
vrfOuter =
Inset[Show[plotHighlight[#2, bc[#2]],
GraphPlot[Rule @@@ inducedGraph[#2],
VertexCoordinateRules -> vcoords, SelfLoopStyle -> None,
VertexLabeling -> True], ImageSize -> 100], #] &;
GraphPlot[Rule @@@ jedges, VertexRenderingFunction -> vrfOuter,
EdgeRenderingFunction -> ({Red, Arrowheads[0], Arrow[#1, 0]} &),
ImageSize -> 500,
VertexCoordinateRules -> Thread[Thread[extremeBags -> extremePoses]]]
欢迎对图形操作进行美学上令人满意的可视化的任何其他建议。
最佳答案
这是对图形对象的相对比例进行精确控制所需的步骤。
为了获得一致的比例，需要明确指定输入坐标范围(常规坐标)和输出坐标范围(绝对坐标)。常规坐标范围取决于PlotRange，PlotRangePadding(可能还有其他选项？)。绝对坐标范围取决于ImageSize，ImagePadding(以及其他可能的选项？)。对于GraphPlot，指定PlotRange和ImageSize就足够了。
要创建以预定比例渲染的Graphics对象，您需要找出完全包含对象，相应的PlotRange并返回指定了这些设置的ImageSize对象所需的Graphics。为了在涉及粗线时找出必要的PlotRange，更容易处理AbsoluteThickness，将其称为abs。要完全包含这些行，可以采用包含端点的最小PlotRange，然后将最小x和最大y边界偏移abs/2，将最大x和最小y边界偏移(abs/2 + 1)。请注意，这些是输出坐标。
当组合多个scale-calibrated图形对象时，您需要重新计算PlotRange/ImageSize并为组合的Graphics对象显式设置它们。
要将scale-calibrated对象插入GraphPlot，您需要确保用于自动GraphPlot定位的坐标在同一范围内。为此，您可以选择几个角节点，手动固定其位置，然后让自动定位完成其余的工作。
原始Line/JoinedCurve/FilledCurve渲染根据线是否(几乎)共线而以不同方式联接/加帽，因此需要手动检测共线性。
使用这种方法，渲染图像的宽度应等于(inputPlotRange*scale + 1) + lineThickness*scale + 1
第一个额外的1是为了避免出现“栅栏错误”，第二个额外的Rasterize是需要在右侧添加的额外像素，以确保不截断粗线
我已经通过对组合的Show进行Texture以及使用Orthographic映射并使用Inset投影查看对象的3D图进行栅格化来验证了此公式，该公式与预测结果相匹配。在对象GraphPlot上执行“复制/粘贴”到ojit_code，然后进行栅格化，我得到的图像比预期的要薄一像素。
(来源:yaroslavvb.com)
(**** Note, this uses JoinedCurve and Texture which are Mathematica 8 primitives.
In Mathematica 7, JoinedCurve is not needed and can be removed *)
(** Global variables **)
scale = 50;
lineThickness = 1/2; (* line thickness in regular coordinates *)
(** Global utilities **)
(* test if 3 points are collinear, needed to work around difference \
in how colinear Line endpoints are rendered *)
collinear[points_] :=
Length[points] == 3 && (Det[Transpose[points]~Append~{1, 1, 1}] == 0)
(* tales list of point coordinates, returns plotRange bounding box, \
uses global "scale" and "lineThickness" to get bounding box *)
getPlotRange[lst_] := (
{xs, ys} = Transpose[lst];
(* two extra 1/
scale offsets needed for exact match *)
{{Min[xs] -
lineThickness/2,
Max[xs] + lineThickness/2 + 1/scale}, {Min[ys] -
lineThickness/2 - 1/scale, Max[ys] + lineThickness/2}}
);
(* Gets image size for given plot range *)
getImageSize[{{xmin_, xmax_}, {ymin_, ymax_}}] := (
imsize = scale*{xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin} + {1, 1}
);
(* converts plot range to vertices of rectangle *)
pr2verts[{{xmin_, xmax_}, {ymin_, ymax_}}] := {{xmin, ymin}, {xmax,
ymin}, {xmax, ymax}, {xmin, ymax}};
(* lifts two dimensional coordinates into 3d *)
lift[h_, coords_] := Append[#, h] & /@ coords
(* convert Raster object to array specification of texture *)
raster2texture[raster_] := Reverse[raster[[1, 1]]/255]
Subset[a_, b_] := (a \[Intersection] b == a);
inducedGraph[set_] := Select[edges, # \[Subset] set &];
values[dict_] := Map[#[[-1]] &, DownValues[dict]];
(** Graph Specific Stuff *)
graphName = {"Grid", {3, 3}};
verts = Range[GraphData[graphName, "VertexCount"]];
edges = GraphData[graphName, "EdgeIndices"];
vcoords = Thread[verts -> GraphData[graphName, "VertexCoordinates"]];
jedges = {{{1, 2, 4}, {2, 4, 5, 6}}, {{2, 3, 6}, {2, 4, 5, 6}}, {{4,
5, 6}, {2, 4, 5, 6}}, {{4, 5, 6}, {4, 5, 6, 8}}, {{4, 7, 8}, {4,
5, 6, 8}}, {{6, 8, 9}, {4, 5, 6, 8}}};
jnodes = Union[Flatten[jedges, 1]];
(* Generate diagram with explicit PlotRange,ImageSize and \
AbsoluteThickness *)
plotHL[verts_, color_] := (
coords = verts /. vcoords;
obj = JoinedCurve[Line[coords],
CurveClosed -> Not[collinear[coords]]];
(* Figure out PlotRange and ImageSize needed to respect scale *)
pr = getPlotRange[verts /. vcoords];
{{xmin, xmax}, {ymin, ymax}} = pr;
imsize = scale*{xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin};
lineForm = {Opacity[.3], color, JoinForm["Round"],
CapForm["Round"], AbsoluteThickness[scale*lineThickness]};
g = Graphics[{Directive[lineForm], obj}];
gg = GraphPlot[Rule @@@ inducedGraph[verts],
VertexCoordinateRules -> vcoords];
Show[g, gg, PlotRange -> pr, ImageSize -> imsize]
);
(* Initialize all graph plot images *)
SeedRandom[1]; colors =
RandomChoice[ColorData["WebSafe", "ColorList"], Length[jnodes]];
Clear[bags];
MapThread[(bags[#1] = plotHL[#1, #2]) &, {jnodes, colors}];
(** Ploting parent graph of subgraphs **)
(* figure out coordinates of subgraphs close to edges of bounding \
box, use them to anchor parent GraphPlot *)
bagCentroid[bag_] := Mean[bag /. vcoords];
findExtremeBag[vec_] := (vertList = First /@ vcoords;
coordList = Last /@ vcoords;
extremePos =
First[Ordering[jnodes, 1,
bagCentroid[#1].vec > bagCentroid[#2].vec &]];
jnodes[[extremePos]]);
extremeDirs = {{1, 1}, {1, -1}, {-1, 1}, {-1, -1}};
extremeBags = findExtremeBag /@ extremeDirs;
extremePoses = bagCentroid /@ extremeBags;
(* figure out new plot range needed to contain all objects *)
fullPR = getPlotRange[verts /. vcoords];
fullIS = getImageSize[fullPR];
(*** Show bags together merged ***)
image1 =
Show[values[bags], PlotRange -> fullPR, ImageSize -> fullIS]
(*** Show bags as vertices of another GraphPlot ***)
GraphPlot[
Rule @@@ jedges,
EdgeRenderingFunction -> ({Gray, Thick, Arrowheads[.05],
Arrow[#1, 0.22]} &),
VertexCoordinateRules ->
Thread[Thread[extremeBags -> extremePoses]],
VertexRenderingFunction -> (Inset[bags[#2], #] &),
PlotRange -> fullPR,
ImageSize -> 3*fullIS
]
(*** Show bags as 3d slides ***)
makeSlide[graphics_, pr_, h_] := (
Graphics3D[{
Texture[raster2texture[Rasterize[graphics, Background -> None]]],
EdgeForm[None],
Polygon[lift[h, pr2verts[pr]],
VertexTextureCoordinates -> pr2verts[{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}]]
}]
)
yoffset = 1/2;
slides = MapIndexed[
makeSlide[bags[#], getPlotRange[# /. vcoords],
yoffset*First[#2]] &, jnodes];
Show[slides, ImageSize -> 3*fullIS]
(*** Show 3d slides in orthographic projection ***)
image2 =
Show[slides, ViewPoint -> {0, 0, Infinity}, ImageSize -> fullIS,
Boxed -> False]
(*** Check that 3d and 2d images rasterize to identical resolution ***)
Dimensions[Rasterize[image1][[1, 1]]] ==
Dimensions[Rasterize[image2][[1, 1]]]
关于wolfram-mathematica - GraphPlots的大小一致，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4230823/