linux - NixOS:安装非Nix​​软件包吗？

目前，我开始使用NixOS，它的运行非常好，除了有些我要安装的软件包不在存储库中。

我遇到的第一个软件包是Cryptomator(https://cryptomator.org)

我试图做的是遵循本教程:http://anderspapitto.com/posts/2015-02-28-deb-installation-nixos.html

但我无法使其正常工作...这是我尝试的方法:

首先，我创建了3个文件(如本教程所述):

builder.sh(按教程原样)

fhs-env.nix(也是原样)

full-cryptomator.nix(下面列出的源代码)

dumb-cryptomator.nix(下面列出的源代码)

full-cryptomator.nix

let nixpkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
    stdenv = nixpkgs.stdenv;
in rec {
  dumb-cryptomator = stdenv.mkDerivation {
    name = "dumb-cryptomator";
    builder = ./builder.sh;
    dpkg = nixpkgs.dpkg;
    src = nixpkgs.fetchurl {
      url = "https://bintray.com/cryptomator/cryptomator-deb/download_file?file_path=cryptomator-1.2.3-amd64.deb";
      sha256 = "f611dfd77f68ddd4b7322b1668829add987c5f8e0fcd639211b46969f1eb8ef3";
    };
  };
  full-cryptomator = nixpkgs.buildFHSUserEnv {
    name = "full-cryptomator";
    targetPkgs = pkgs: [ dumb-cryptomator ];
    multiPkgs = pkgs: [ pkgs.dpkg ];
    runScript = "Cryptomator";
  };
}

dumb-cryptomator.nix

let nixpkgs = import <nixpkgs> {};
    stdenv = nixpkgs.stdenv;
in rec {
  dumb-cryptomator = stdenv.mkDerivation {
    name = "dumb-cryptomator";
    builder = ./builder.sh;
    dpkg = nixpkgs.dpkg;
    src = nixpkgs.fetchurl {
      url = "https://bintray.com/cryptomator/cryptomator-deb/download_file?file_path=cryptomator-1.2.3-amd64.deb";
      sha256 = "f611dfd77f68ddd4b7322b1668829add987c5f8e0fcd639211b46969f1eb8ef3";
    };
  };
}

然后，我运行:

nix-build -A fhsEnv fhs-env.nix

nix-build -A dumb-cryptomator dumb-cryptomator.nix

nix-build -A full-cryptomator full-cryptomator.nix

最后一次构建完成后，我的目录中没有完整的cryptomator安装程序(至少应该有/opt/Cryptomator):

[peter@peter-laptop:~/Downloads/cryptomator]$ ls /nix/store/6prdbjgidgqaqfnvmkrhnj8xp28z8dxw-full-cryptomator
bin

是否有人在使第三方程序包正常工作方面有更多经验？谢谢!

最佳答案

至少你应该改变 runScript = "Cryptomator";至 runScript = "${dumb-cryptomator}/Cryptomator/Cryptomator";
调试这类问题很容易。运行nix-build -A full-cryptomator full-cryptomator.nix时，将创建一个符号链接(symbolic link)result，因此您可以通过以下方式访问应用程序:
$ ./result/bin/full-cryptomator /nix/store/7nc1j85m67kjd1y1fnk6xg5b7w7a1jjd-full-cryptomator-init: line 11: exec: Cryptomator: not found
哎呀!为什么？让我们看一下提到的文件:

$ cat /nix/store/7nc1j85m67kjd1y1fnk6xg5b7w7a1jjd-full-cryptomator-init
#! /nix/store/wsz11sx18n85if6gp50m870rypgavwpd-bash-4.4-p12/bin/bash
for i in /nix/store/ss4j5rr2ilh878m1g5c76njcmvmrszja-full-cryptomator-fhs/* /host/*; do
  path="/${i##*/}"
  [ -e "$path" ] || /nix/store/sxzm5kva1gb0hxm60xvr45m3c5l84xlz-coreutils-8.27/bin/ln -s "$i" "$path"
done

[ -d "$1" ] && [ -r "$1" ] && cd "$1"
shift

source /etc/profile
exec Cryptomator "$@"

看起来无法在当前PATH中归档Cryptomator可执行文件。当我们检查实际的dumb-cryptomator时，我们看到

$ tree /nix/store/m31pyd1hgpa9v8gnxrjijd1v3n8vxggj-dumb-cryptomator | grep -i crypto
/nix/store/m31pyd1hgpa9v8gnxrjijd1v3n8vxggj-dumb-cryptomator
└── Cryptomator
    │   ├── cryptolib-1.0.7.jar
    │   ├── Cryptomator-1.2.3.jar
    │   ├── Cryptomator.cfg
    │   ├── filesystem-crypto-1.2.3.jar
    ├── Cryptomator
    ├── Cryptomator.desktop
    ├── cryptomator.org-Cryptomator-MimeInfo.xml
    ├── Cryptomator.png

因此，它不属于标准bin文件夹。由于我们不想弄乱很多软件包，因此我们使用${dumb-cryptomator}字符串插值提供了完整的路径。

(这是Nix中最常用的功能之一，在构建过程中${dumb-cryptomator}扩展为/nix/store/m31pyd1hgpa9v8gnxrjijd1v3n8vxggj-dumb-cryptomator)

关于linux - NixOS:安装非Nix​​软件包吗？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43887868/