Foo foo = Foo.builder()
.setColor(red)
.setName("Fred")
.setSize(42)
.build();
所以我知道有以下“Builder”解决方案用于在调用方法时创建命名参数。虽然,这似乎只适用于作为构建器的内部静态类,还是我错了?我查看了一些关于构建器模式的教程,但对于我尝试做的事情来说,它们似乎非常复杂。有没有什么办法可以让 Foo 类和 Builder 类分开,同时还能像上面的代码一样享受命名参数的好处?
下面是一个典型的设置:
public class Foo {
public static class Builder {
public Foo build() {
return new Foo(this);
}
public Builder setSize(int size) {
this.size = size;
return this;
}
public Builder setColor(Color color) {
this.color = color;
return this;
}
public Builder setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
return this;
}
// you can set defaults for these here
private int size;
private Color color;
private String name;
}
public static Builder builder() {
return new Builder();
}
private Foo(Builder builder) {
size = builder.size;
color = builder.color;
name = builder.name;
}
private final int size;
private final Color color;
private final String name;
}
最佳答案
使用组合。为了使事情更容易和更清晰,不要复制源( Foo
)和构建器( Builder
)类中的所有属性。
例如,在 Foo
中有 Builder
类而不是每个 Foo
属性。
简单的代码片段:
import java.util.*;
class UserBasicInfo{
String nickName;
String birthDate;
String gender;
public UserBasicInfo(String name,String date,String gender){
this.nickName = name;
this.birthDate = date;
this.gender = gender;
}
public String toString(){
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("Name:DOB:Gender:").append(nickName).append(":").append(birthDate).append(":").
append(gender);
return sb.toString();
}
}
class ContactInfo{
String eMail;
String mobileHome;
String mobileWork;
public ContactInfo(String mail, String homeNo, String mobileOff){
this.eMail = mail;
this.mobileHome = homeNo;
this.mobileWork = mobileOff;
}
public String toString(){
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("email:mobile(H):mobile(W):").append(eMail).append(":").append(mobileHome).append(":").append(mobileWork);
return sb.toString();
}
}
class FaceBookUser {
String userName;
UserBasicInfo userInfo;
ContactInfo contactInfo;
public FaceBookUser(String uName){
this.userName = uName;
}
public void setUserBasicInfo(UserBasicInfo info){
this.userInfo = info;
}
public void setContactInfo(ContactInfo info){
this.contactInfo = info;
}
public String getUserName(){
return userName;
}
public UserBasicInfo getUserBasicInfo(){
return userInfo;
}
public ContactInfo getContactInfo(){
return contactInfo;
}
public String toString(){
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("|User|").append(userName).append("|UserInfo|").append(userInfo).append("|ContactInfo|").append(contactInfo);
return sb.toString();
}
static class FaceBookUserBuilder{
FaceBookUser user;
public FaceBookUserBuilder(String userName){
this.user = new FaceBookUser(userName);
}
public FaceBookUserBuilder setUserBasicInfo(UserBasicInfo info){
user.setUserBasicInfo(info);
return this;
}
public FaceBookUserBuilder setContactInfo(ContactInfo info){
user.setContactInfo(info);
return this;
}
public FaceBookUser build(){
return user;
}
}
}
public class BuilderPattern{
public static void main(String args[]){
FaceBookUser fbUser1 = new FaceBookUser.FaceBookUserBuilder("Ravindra").build(); // Mandatory parameters
UserBasicInfo info = new UserBasicInfo("sunrise","25-May-1975","M");
// Build User name + Optional Basic Info
FaceBookUser fbUser2 = new FaceBookUser.FaceBookUserBuilder("Ravindra").
setUserBasicInfo(info).build();
// Build User name + Optional Basic Info + Optional Contact Info
ContactInfo cInfo = new ContactInfo("[email protected]","1111111111","2222222222");
FaceBookUser fbUser3 = new FaceBookUser.FaceBookUserBuilder("Ravindra").
setUserBasicInfo(info).
setContactInfo(cInfo).build();
System.out.println("Facebook user 1:"+fbUser1);
System.out.println("Facebook user 2:"+fbUser2);
System.out.println("Facebook user 3:"+fbUser3);
}
}
输出:
Facebook user 1:|User|Ravindra|UserInfo|null|ContactInfo|null
Facebook user 2:|User|Ravindra|UserInfo|Name:DOB:Gender:sunrise:25-May-1975:M|ContactInfo|null
Facebook user 3:|User|Ravindra|UserInfo|Name:DOB:Gender:sunrise:25-May-1975:M|ContactInfo|email:mobile(H):mobile(W):[email protected]:1111111111:2222222222
解释:
FaceBookUser
是一个复杂的对象,使用组合具有以下属性:String userName;
UserBasicInfo userInfo;
ContactInfo contactInfo;
FaceBookUserBuilder
是一个静态构建器类,它包含并构建 FaceBookUser
。 FaceBookUserBuilder
通过设置可选参数来构建 FaceBookUser
:UserBasicInfo
和 ContactInfo
FaceBookUsers
具有不同的属性,由 Builder 构建。在此示例中,使用组合而不是复制 Builder 类中 FaceBookUser 的所有属性。
编辑:
将所有相关属性分组为逻辑类。在 FaceBookUser 中定义所有这些类。不要在
Builder
中再次添加所有这些成员变量,而是在 FaceBookUser
类中包含 Builder
。为简单起见,我添加了两个类: UserBasicInfo 和 ContactInfo 。现在用其他属性分解这个 FaceBookUser 类,例如
NewsFeed
Messages
Friends
Albums
Events
Games
Pages
Ads
等等。
如果在
Builder
和 FaceBookUser
中复制所有这些属性,代码将变得难以管理。相反,通过在 FaceBookUser
本身中使用 FaceBookUserBuilder
的组合,您可以简单地构建过程。添加上述属性后,您将像往常一样逐步构建
FaceBookUser
。它会是这样的:
FaceBookUser fbUser3 = new FaceBookUser.FaceBookUserBuilder("Ravindra").
setUserBasicInfo(info).
setNewsFeed(newsFeed).
setMessages(messages).
setFriends(friends).
setAlbums(albums).
setEvents(events).
setGames(games).
setAds(ads).build();
关于java - 将构建器保留在单独的类中(流畅的界面),我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39708728/