1. 前言

power supply class为编写供电设备(power supply,后面简称PSY)的驱动提供了统一的框架,功能包括:

1)抽象PSY设备的共性,向用户空间提供统一的API。

2)为底层PSY驱动的编写,提供简单、统一的方式。同时封装并实现公共逻辑,驱动工程师只需把精力集中在和硬件相关的部分即可。

本文将从设计思路、软件架构、API说明以及怎么编写power supply driver四个角度,介绍power supply class。并会在下一篇文章中,分析power supply class的内部逻辑。如果有时间,会在第三篇文章中,以android系统为例,介绍应用软件怎样利用power supply class,监控系统的供电状态。

注:其实所有的class(如input subsystem),思路都是这样的----抽象共性、统一接口、屏蔽细节。我们在“Linux设备模型(7)_Class”中介绍过,本文在介绍power supply class同时,也以此为例,进一步理解设备模型中class的存在意义和使用方法。

2. 设计思路

先来回答一个问题:kernel中设备驱动的目的,是管理设备,并提供给用户空间程序使用,那么对PSY设备而言,kernel要管理什么?用户空间程序要使用什么?

其实PSY设备是一个特例,它的目的很单纯,就是为系统供电。如果只考虑这个目的,就不需要任何驱动了,但情况会稍微复杂,因为:

1)PSY设备可能是电池设备(battery,这在嵌入式系统中很常见),这会引申出电量检测、充电管理等多个议题。

2)系统中可能有多个PSY设备,这些设备还可能有级联关系,如有些平板电脑中,可能同时存在DC-charger、USB-charger和battery三个供电设备,其中DC-charger和USB-charger可能会给battery供电,再由battery向系统供电。

那么,共性已经总结出来了:PSY driver的主要功能,就是向用户空间程序汇整各类状态信息。因此,power supply class的核心思路就是:

3. 软件架构和API汇整

3.1 软件架构

power supply class位于drivers/power/目录中,主要由3部分组成(可参考下图的软件架构):

1)power supply core,用于抽象核心数据结构、实现公共逻辑。位于drivers/power/power_supply_core.c中。

2)power supply sysfs,实现sysfs以及uevent功能。位于drivers/power/power_supply_sysfs.c中。

3)power supply leds,基于linux led class,提供PSY设备状态指示的通用实现。位于drivers/power/power_suppply_leds.c中。

最后,驱动工程师可以基于power supply class,实现具体的PSY drivers,主要处理平台相关、硬件相关的逻辑。这些drivers都位于drivers/power/目录下。

3.2 核心数据结构

1)struct power_supply

struct power_supply为power supply class的核心数据结构,用于抽象PSY设备。其定义如下:

   1: /* include/linux/power_supply.h */
   2: struct power_supply {
   3:     const char *name;
   4:     enum power_supply_type type;
   5:     enum power_supply_property *properties;
   6:     size_t num_properties;
   7:
   8:     char **supplied_to;
   9:     size_t num_supplicants;
  10:
  11:     char **supplied_from;
  12:     size_t num_supplies;
  13:     struct device_node *of_node;
  14:
  15:     int (*get_property)(struct power_supply *psy,
  16:                 enum power_supply_property psp,
  17:                 union power_supply_propval *val);
  18:     int (*set_property)(struct power_supply *psy,
  19:                 enum power_supply_property psp,
  20:                 const union power_supply_propval *val);
  21:     int (*property_is_writeable)(struct power_supply *psy,
  22:                      enum power_supply_property psp);
  23:     void (*external_power_changed)(struct power_supply *psy);
  24:     void (*set_charged)(struct power_supply *psy);
  25:
  26:     /* For APM emulation, think legacy userspace. */
  27:     int use_for_apm;
  28:
  29:     /* private */
  30:     struct device *dev;
  31:     struct work_struct changed_work;
  32:     spinlock_t changed_lock;
  33:     bool changed;
  34: #ifdef CONFIG_THERMAL
  35:     struct thermal_zone_device *tzd;
  36:     struct thermal_cooling_device *tcd;
  37: #endif
  38:
  39: #ifdef CONFIG_LEDS_TRIGGERS
  40:     struct led_trigger *charging_full_trig;
  41:     char *charging_full_trig_name;
  42:     struct led_trigger *charging_trig;
  43:     char *charging_trig_name;
  44:     struct led_trigger *full_trig;
  45:     char *full_trig_name;
  46:     struct led_trigger *online_trig;
  47:     char *online_trig_name;
  48:     struct led_trigger *charging_blink_full_solid_trig;
  49:     char *charging_blink_full_solid_trig_name;
  50: #endif
  51: };

2)PSY类型

PSY类型由enum power_supply_type定义:

   1: enum power_supply_type {
   2:     POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0,
   3:     POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_BATTERY,
   4:     POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_UPS,
   5:     POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_MAINS,
   6:     POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_USB,        /* Standard Downstream Port */
   7:     POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_USB_DCP,    /* Dedicated Charging Port */
   8:     POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_USB_CDP,    /* Charging Downstream Port */
   9:     POWER_SUPPLY_TYPE_USB_ACA,    /* Accessory Charger Adapters */
  10: };

3)PSY属性

power supply class将所有可能PSY属性,以枚举型变量(enum power_supply_property )的形式抽象出来,PSY driver可以根据设备的实际情况,从中选取一些。

   1: enum power_supply_property {
   2:     /* Properties of type `int' */
   3:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_STATUS = 0,
   4:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_TYPE,
   5:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_HEALTH,
   6:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_PRESENT,
   7:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_ONLINE,
   8:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_AUTHENTIC,
   9:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TECHNOLOGY,
  10:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CYCLE_COUNT,
  11:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_MAX,
  12:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_MIN,
  13:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_MAX_DESIGN,
  14:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_MIN_DESIGN,
  15:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_NOW,
  16:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_AVG,
  17:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_OCV,
  18:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_VOLTAGE_BOOT,
  19:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CURRENT_MAX,
  20:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CURRENT_NOW,
  21:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CURRENT_AVG,
  22:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CURRENT_BOOT,
  23:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_POWER_NOW,
  24:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_POWER_AVG,
  25:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_FULL_DESIGN,
  26:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_EMPTY_DESIGN,
  27:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_FULL,
  28:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_EMPTY,
  29:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_NOW,
  30:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_AVG,
  31:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_COUNTER,
  32:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CONSTANT_CHARGE_CURRENT,
  33:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CONSTANT_CHARGE_CURRENT_MAX,
  34:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CONSTANT_CHARGE_VOLTAGE,
  35:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CONSTANT_CHARGE_VOLTAGE_MAX,
  36:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_CONTROL_LIMIT,
  37:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_CONTROL_LIMIT_MAX,
  38:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_INPUT_CURRENT_LIMIT,
  39:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_ENERGY_FULL_DESIGN,
  40:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_ENERGY_EMPTY_DESIGN,
  41:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_ENERGY_FULL,
  42:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_ENERGY_EMPTY,
  43:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_ENERGY_NOW,
  44:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_ENERGY_AVG,
  45:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CAPACITY, /* in percents! */
  46:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CAPACITY_ALERT_MIN, /* in percents! */
  47:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CAPACITY_ALERT_MAX, /* in percents! */
  48:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CAPACITY_LEVEL,
  49:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TEMP,
  50:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TEMP_MAX,
  51:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TEMP_MIN,
  52:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TEMP_ALERT_MIN,
  53:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TEMP_ALERT_MAX,
  54:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TEMP_AMBIENT,
  55:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TEMP_AMBIENT_ALERT_MIN,
  56:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TEMP_AMBIENT_ALERT_MAX,
  57:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TIME_TO_EMPTY_NOW,
  58:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TIME_TO_EMPTY_AVG,
  59:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TIME_TO_FULL_NOW,
  60:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TIME_TO_FULL_AVG,
  61:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_TYPE, /* use power_supply.type instead */
  62:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_SCOPE,
  63:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_TERM_CURRENT,
  64:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CALIBRATE,
  65:     /* Properties of type `const char *' */
  66:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_MODEL_NAME,
  67:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_MANUFACTURER,
  68:     POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_SERIAL_NUMBER,
  69: };

3.3 向具体的PSY driver提供的API

power supply class首要任务,是向PSY driver提供统一的驱动编写接口,主要包括:

1)PSY的register/unregister API

   1: extern int power_supply_register(struct device *parent,
   2:                                  struct power_supply *psy);
   3: extern int power_supply_register_no_ws(struct device *parent,
   4:                                  struct power_supply *psy);
   5: extern void power_supply_unregister(struct power_supply *psy);

2)PSY状态改变时通知power supply core的API

   1: extern void power_supply_changed(struct power_supply *psy);

3)其它杂项接口

   1: extern struct power_supply *power_supply_get_by_name(const char *name);
   2: extern struct power_supply *power_supply_get_by_phandle(struct device_node *np,
   3:                                                         const char *property);
   4: extern int power_supply_am_i_supplied(struct power_supply *psy);
   5: extern int power_supply_set_battery_charged(struct power_supply *psy);
   6: extern int power_supply_is_system_supplied(void);
   7: extern int power_supply_powers(struct power_supply *psy, struct device *dev);

3.4 向其它driver提供的用于接收PSY状态改变notifier的API

3.5 向用户空间程序提供的API

power supply class通过两种形式向用户空间提供接口。

1)uevent(具体可参考“Linux设备模型(3)_Uevent”),以“名字=value”的形式,上报所有property的值,格式如下:

POWER_SUPPLY_NAME=xxx                     /* power supply name */
POWER_SUPPLY_xxx1=xxx                       /* property = value */
POWER_SUPPLY_xxx2=xxx
…

uevent一般会在PSY设备添加到kernel时,或者PSY属性发生改变时(可参考3.3中的介绍)发送。

2)sysfs

power supply class在power_supply_sysfs.c中,定义了相当多的默认attribute(见下面),如果某个PSY设备具有某个属性,该属性对应的attribute就会体现在sysfs中(一般位于“/sys/class/power_supply/xxx/”中)。

   1: /* Must be in the same order as POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_* */
   2: static struct device_attribute power_supply_attrs[] = {
   3:     /* Properties of type `int' */
   4:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(status),
   5:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(charge_type),
   6:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(health),
   7:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(present),
   8:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(online),
   9:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(authentic),
  10:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(technology),
  11:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(cycle_count),
  12:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(voltage_max),
  13:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(voltage_min),
  14:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(voltage_max_design),
  15:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(voltage_min_design),
  16:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(voltage_now),
  17:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(voltage_avg),
  18:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(voltage_ocv),
  19:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(voltage_boot),
  20:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(current_max),
  21:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(current_now),
  22:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(current_avg),
  23:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(current_boot),
  24:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(power_now),
  25:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(power_avg),
  26:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(charge_full_design),
  27:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(charge_empty_design),
  28:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(charge_full),
  29:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(charge_empty),
  30:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(charge_now),
  31:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(charge_avg),
  32:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(charge_counter),
  33:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(constant_charge_current),
  34:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(constant_charge_current_max),
  35:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(constant_charge_voltage),
  36:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(constant_charge_voltage_max),
  37:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(charge_control_limit),
  38:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(charge_control_limit_max),
  39:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(input_current_limit),
  40:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(energy_full_design),
  41:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(energy_empty_design),
  42:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(energy_full),
  43:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(energy_empty),
  44:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(energy_now),
  45:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(energy_avg),
  46:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(capacity),
  47:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(capacity_alert_min),
  48:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(capacity_alert_max),
  49:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(capacity_level),
  50:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(temp),
  51:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(temp_max),
  52:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(temp_min),
  53:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(temp_alert_min),
  54:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(temp_alert_max),
  55:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(temp_ambient),
  56:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(temp_ambient_alert_min),
  57:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(temp_ambient_alert_max),
  58:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(time_to_empty_now),
  59:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(time_to_empty_avg),
  60:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(time_to_full_now),
  61:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(time_to_full_avg),
  62:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(type),
  63:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(scope),
  64:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(charge_term_current),
  65:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(calibrate),
  66:     /* Properties of type `const char *' */
  67:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(model_name),
  68:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(manufacturer),
  69:     POWER_SUPPLY_ATTR(serial_number),
  70: };

具体意义这里就不再详细说明了。

4. 怎样基于power supply class编写PSY driver

最后从PSY driver的角度,说明一下怎么基于power supply class,编写驱动:

1)根据硬件spec,确定该PSY设备具备哪些特性,并把它们和enum power_supply_property 中所定义的property对应。

2)根据实际情况,实现这些properties的get/set接口。

3)定义一个struct power_supply变量,并初始化必要的字段后,调用power_supply_register或者power_supply_register_no_ws,将其注册到kernel中。

4)根据实际情况,启动设备属性变化的监控逻辑,例如中断、轮询等,并在发生改变时,调用power_supply_changed,通知power supply core。

也许您会笑,说着简单啊!确实如此,不变的原则:framework只能给我们提供良好的机制、便捷的方式、等等,但是,设备要做什么事情,只有设备驱动最清楚,永远都不可能偷懒啊!

01-25 17:49