c - 检测传递指向未初始化变量的指针

一些函数有一个指针参数，指向结果的来源
调用函数应该被存储，但函数也要求
调用函数时，此指针指向用作输入值的某个值
(例如输入/输出参数)。

我想检测这样的函数被调用指向未初始化变量的情况。
Coccinelle 应该能够做到这一点，但是我很难做到这一点。

示例目标代码:

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

static void cartoon_random_generator(int *n)
{
    switch (*n) {
    case 4:
        *n = 4; /* http://xkcd.com/221/ */
        break;
    case 9:
        *n = 9; /* http://dilbert.com/strips/comic/2001-10-25/ */
        break;
    default:
        fprintf(stderr, "*n was not initialized before calling this function\n");
        break;
    }
}
/* alternative links http://i.stack.imgur.com/VvTef.png and http://i.stack.imgur.com/u0iJ7.gif */

static void test(const char *cartoon)
{
    // not ok, missing
    {
        int n1;

        cartoon_random_generator(&n1);
        printf("Random number = %d\n", n1);
    }

    // ok, declaration
    {
        int n2 = 4;

        cartoon_random_generator(&n2);
        printf("Random number = %d\n", n2);
    }

    // ok, statement
    {
        int n3;

        n3 = 9;
        cartoon_random_generator(&n3);
        printf("Random number = %d\n", n3);
    }

    // both ok and not ok
    {
        int n4, n9;

        n9 = 9;
        //strcmp(cartoon, "XKCD") == 0 ? cartoon_random_generator(&n4) : cartoon_random_generator(&n9);
        if (strcmp(cartoon, "XKCD") == 0)
            cartoon_random_generator(&n4);
        else
            cartoon_random_generator(&n9);
        printf("Random numbers = %d, %d\n", n4, n9);
    }
}

我写了以下 coccinelle 脚本

/* It is an error to call cartoon_random_generator with an uninitialized
   variable. Detect this. */


/*
 * This rule matches an OK case where the in variable is initialized when
 * declared. No action is performed for this rule other than giving p1 a value.
 */
@rule1@
position p1;
expression init_expression;
identifier n;
@@

int n = init_expression;
...
cartoon_random_generator@p1(&n)


/*
 * This rule matches an OK case where the in variable is initialized in a
 * separate statement. No action is performed for this rule other than
 * giving p2 a value.
 */
@rule2@
position p2;
expression init_expression;
identifier n;
@@

int n;
...
n = init_expression;
...
cartoon_random_generator@p2(&n)


/* If neither rule1 or rule2 have matched so far,
 * we have a variable that is uninitialized. */

@rule3@
position p3 != rule1.p1, rule2.p2;
identifier n;
@@

int n;
...
* cartoon_random_generator@p3(&n)

但没有考虑 rule2，我不明白为什么。运行它给出:

$ /opt/coccinelle/bin/spatch -sp_file cartoon_random.cocci cartoon_random.c
init_defs_builtins: /opt/coccinelle/share/coccinelle/standard.h
warning: rule3: inherited metavariable p2 not used in the -, +, or context code
HANDLING: cartoon_random.c
diff =
--- cartoon_random.c
+++ /tmp/cocci-output-7916-8df75b-cartoon_random.c
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ static void test(const char *cartoon)
        {
                int n1;

-               cartoon_random_generator(&n1);
                printf("Random number = %d\n", n1);
        }

@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ static void test(const char *cartoon)
                int n3;

                n3 = 9;
-               cartoon_random_generator(&n3);
                printf("Random number = %d\n", n3);
        }

@@ -51,9 +49,7 @@ static void test(const char *cartoon)
                n9 = 9;
                //strcmp(cartoon, "XKCD") == 0 ? cartoon_random_generator(&n4) : cartoon_random_generator(&n9);
                if (strcmp(cartoon, "XKCD") == 0)
-                       cartoon_random_generator(&n4);
                else
-                       cartoon_random_generator(&n9);
                printf("Random numbers = %d, %d\n", n4, n9);
        }
 }

最佳答案

我是 Coccinelle 用法的完全初学者，并且一直想了解它。您提出的问题是检测未初始化变量的一个相当好的要求，这让我进行了一些研究。在做了一些研究(并从 warning: rule3: inherited metavariable p2 not used in the -, +, or context code 获得线索)后，使您的 coccinelle 脚本工作的一种方法(可能有其他/更好的方法)是结合规则 1 和 2 并仅对元变量使用单一继承最终规则。这些线路上的东西:

@rule1@
position p1;
expression init_expression;
identifier n;
@@

(
int n = init_expression;
|
int n;
...
n = init_expression;
)
...
cartoon_random_generator@p1(&n)

@rule2@
position p2 != rule1.p1;
identifier n;
@@

int n;
...
* cartoon_random_generator@p2(&n)

在这种情况下看到的输出是:

$spatch -sp_file cartoon_random.cocci cartoon_random.c
init_defs_builtins: /usr/share/coccinelle/standard.h
HANDLING: cartoon_random.c
diff =
--- cartoon_random.c
+++ /tmp/cocci-output-7916-8df75b-cartoon_random.c
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ static void test(const char *cartoon)
        {
                int n1;

-               cartoon_random_generator(&n1);
                printf("Random number = %d\n", n1);
        }

@@ -51,9 +50,6 @@ static void test(const char *cartoon)
                n9 = 9;
                //strcmp(cartoon, "XKCD") == 0 ? cartoon_random_generator(&n4) : cartoon_random_generator(&n9);
                if (strcmp(cartoon, "XKCD") == 0)
-                       cartoon_random_generator(&n4);
                else
                        cartoon_random_generator(&n9);
                printf("Random numbers = %d, %d\n", n4, n9);

这是在 FC15 上使用从 Fedora 存储库安装的 coccinelle 软件包运行的。
希望这可以帮助!

关于c - 检测传递指向未初始化变量的指针，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7685898/