因此,我一直在用OpenGL 3.3(FreeGLUT + GLEW)完成一个旧的大学项目,但遇到了一些问题。
就在开始时,我运行程序,并且在编译BumpMap Fragment Shader时遇到错误:
#version 330 core
#define lightCount 10
in vec4 vertPos;
in vec4 eyeModel;
in vec3 normalInterp;
in vec4 ambient;
in vec4 color;
in vec4 spec;
in vec2 texuv;
in vec4 lightPosition[lightCount];
struct LightSource {
vec4 Position;
vec4 Direction;
vec4 Color;
float CutOff;
float AmbientIntensity;
float DiffuseIntensity;
float SpecularIntensity;
float ConstantAttenuation;
float LinearAttenuation;
float ExponentialAttenuation;
int lightType;
};
layout(std140) uniform LightSources {
LightSource lightSource[10];
};
uniform sampler2D diffuse_tex;
uniform sampler2D normal_tex;
out vec4 out_Color;
void main() {
out_Color = vec4(0);
for(int i=0; i<lightCount; i++) {
if(lightSource[i].lightType == 0)
continue;
vec3 NormalMap = texture2D(normal_tex, texuv).rgb;
vec3 normal = normalize(NormalMap * 2.0 - 1.0); //normalize(normalInterp);
vec4 LightDirection = vertPos - lightSource[i].Position;
float Distance = length(LightDirection);
LightDirection = normalize(LightDirection);
vec4 ambientColor = ambient * lightSource[i].Color * lightSource[i].AmbientIntensity;
vec4 diffuseColor = vec4(0, 0, 0, 0);
vec4 dColor = texture2D(diffuse_tex, texuv);
vec4 specularColor = vec4(0, 0, 0, 0);
float DiffuseFactor = dot(normal, vec3(-LightDirection));
if (DiffuseFactor > 0) {
diffuseColor = dColor * lightSource[i].Color * lightSource[i].DiffuseIntensity * DiffuseFactor;
vec3 VertexToEye = normalize(vec3(eyeModel - vertPos));
vec3 LightReflect = normalize(reflect(vec3(LightDirection), normal));
float SpecularFactor = dot(VertexToEye, LightReflect);
SpecularFactor = pow(SpecularFactor, 255);
if(SpecularFactor > 0.0){
//SpecularFactor = pow( max(SpecularFactor,0.0), 255);
specularColor = spec * lightSource[i].Color * lightSource[i].SpecularIntensity * SpecularFactor;
}
}
out_Color += ambientColor + diffuseColor + specularColor;
}
}
因此,我查找了问题,尽管我觉得这很奇怪,但在一个我知道它处于正常工作状态的项目中遇到了这个问题,我还是将
texture2D
调用切换为texture
调用,现在着色器可以编译,但是我得到了一个不同的结果错误,其中为场景中的第一个对象创建了缓冲区对象://Consts defined here for readability
#define VERTICES 0
#define COLORS 1
#define NORMALS 2
#define TEXUVS 3
#define AMBIENTS 4
#define TANGENTS 5
#define SPECULARS 6
#define SPECULARS_CONSTANTS 7
#define NOISE_SCALE 8
void BufferObject::createBufferObject() {
glGenVertexArrays(1, &_vertexArrayObjectID);
glBindVertexArray(_vertexArrayObjectID);
glGenBuffers(1, &_vertexBufferObjectID);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, _vertexBufferObjectID);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Vertex)*_vertexCount, _vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(VERTICES);
glVertexAttribPointer(VERTICES, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), 0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(COLORS);
glVertexAttribPointer(COLORS, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)sizeof(_vertices[0].XYZW));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(NORMALS);
glVertexAttribPointer(NORMALS, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)(sizeof(_vertices[0].XYZW)+sizeof(_vertices[0].RGBA)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(TEXUVS);
glVertexAttribPointer(TEXUVS, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)(sizeof(_vertices[0].XYZW)+sizeof(_vertices[0].RGBA)+sizeof(_vertices[0].NORMAL)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(AMBIENTS);
glVertexAttribPointer(AMBIENTS, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)(sizeof(_vertices[0].XYZW)+sizeof(_vertices[0].RGBA)+sizeof(_vertices[0].NORMAL)+sizeof(_vertices[0].TEXUV)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(TANGENTS);
glVertexAttribPointer(TANGENTS, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)(sizeof(_vertices[0].XYZW)+sizeof(_vertices[0].RGBA)+sizeof(_vertices[0].NORMAL)+sizeof(_vertices[0].TEXUV)+sizeof(_vertices[0].AMBIENT)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(SPECULARS);
glVertexAttribPointer(SPECULARS, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)(sizeof(_vertices[0].XYZW)+sizeof(_vertices[0].RGBA)+sizeof(_vertices[0].NORMAL)+sizeof(_vertices[0].TEXUV)+sizeof(_vertices[0].AMBIENT)+sizeof(_vertices[0].TANGENT)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(SPECULARS_CONSTANTS);
glVertexAttribPointer(SPECULARS_CONSTANTS, 1, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)(sizeof(_vertices[0].XYZW)+sizeof(_vertices[0].RGBA)+sizeof(_vertices[0].NORMAL)+sizeof(_vertices[0].TEXUV)+sizeof(_vertices[0].AMBIENT)+sizeof(_vertices[0].TANGENT)+sizeof(_vertices[0].SPECULAR)));
glBindVertexArray(0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(VERTICES);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(COLORS);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(NORMALS);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(TEXUVS);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(AMBIENTS);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(TANGENTS);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(SPECULARS);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(SPECULARS_CONSTANTS);
Utility::checkOpenGLError("ERROR: Buffer Object creation failed.");
}
这就是我得到的所有信息。我已经移动了
checkOpenGLError
并发现glDisableVertexAttribArray(VERTICES)
行给出了错误。经过更多的挖掘之后,我发现您不应该设置
glBindVertexArray(0)
(至少在glDisableVertexAttribArray
之前,根据我记得,我们将这些标志设置为0,这样我们就不会意外影响我们不需要的任何东西)此时,错误移至我们绘制场景对象之一的位置。在这一点上,我碰壁了一点,不要去哪里了。我想我的问题是,在运行项目时是否存在需要设置的配置,或者仅在较新的图形卡上运行该配置是否可以解释不同的行为。最后一点,这是在Widnows中的Visual Studio 10(或15,还原所有更改且未重新定位解决方案时切换为10)的窗口上运行的,程序配置如下:
//GLUT Init
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitContextVersion(3, 3);
glutInitContextFlags(GLUT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE);
glutInitContextProfile(GLUT_CORE_PROFILE);
glutSetOption(GLUT_ACTION_ON_WINDOW_CLOSE,GLUT_ACTION_GLUTMAINLOOP_RETURNS);
glutInitWindowSize(windowWidth, windowHeight);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA);
windowHandle = glutCreateWindow(CAPTION);
//GLEW Init
glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
GLenum result = glewInit();
//GLUT Init
std::cerr << "CONTEXT: OpenGL v" << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << std::endl;
glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);
glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
glDepthRange(0.0,1.0);
glClearDepth(1.0);
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
glCullFace(GL_BACK);
glFrontFace(GL_CCW);
上面的上下文是:
让我知道是否需要任何附加信息,我不想添加任何不必要的困惑情况,并且该项目太大,无法将其全部粘贴到这里...
最佳答案
在您的着色器中,您使用的是glsl版本330内核,这意味着不建议使用texture2D()
,而应改用texture()
。
至于您的INVALID OPERATION错误,问题在于您用glBindVertexArray(0);
解除了对vao的绑定(bind),然后调用了glDisableVertexAttribArray(VERTICES);
来对当前绑定(bind)的vao进行操作。您应该在这些调用下移动glBindVertexArray(0);
。