python - Python模块无法加载共享库，原因:找不到图像

我正在尝试使用应用程序随附的Houdini Python模块，该模块是Houdini安装文件夹的一部分，位于标准Python路径之外。遵循安装说明后，运行Houdini Terminal 16.5.571脚本并将/Applications/Houdini/Houdini16.5.571/Frameworks/Houdini.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/houdini/python2.7libs添加到_virtualenv_path_extensions.pth文件夹中的site-packages中，可以导入hou模块，即Python部分。但是，它无法加载动态库。

错误信息

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "myscript.py", line 7, in <module>
    import hou
  File "/Applications/Houdini/Houdini16.5.571/Frameworks/Houdini.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/houdini/python2.7libs/hou.py", line 19, in <module>
    import _hou
ImportError: dlopen(/Applications/Houdini/Houdini16.5.571/Frameworks/Houdini.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/houdini/python2.7libs/_hou.so, 2): Library not loaded: @rpath/Houdini.framework/Versions/16.5.571/Houdini
  Referenced from: /Applications/Houdini/Houdini16.5.571/Frameworks/Houdini.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/houdini/python2.7libs/_hou.so
  Reason: image not found

错误消息中提到的所有文件和文件夹都位于Houdini路径/Applications/Houdini/Houdini16.5.571/Frameworks/Houdini.framework/Versions/Current中，其中Current是指向16.5.571的符号链接。

Python模块

Resources/houdini/python2.7libs/hou.py

找到了Python模块。

共享库

Resources/houdini/python2.7libs/_hou.so`

它包含对@rpath/Houdini.framework/Versions/16.5.571/Houdini的引用，该引用可能正在尝试查找。

Houdini

这似乎链接到实际的dylib文件，其中包含@loader_path/Libraries和dylib...@rpath/libHoudiniUI等以及许多其他文件。

我在这里Cannot find dynamic library when running a Python script from Bazel读到SIP可能是导致此错误的原因，但是即使将ln -s共享库转换成/usr/local/lib后，仍然会发生错误。

我正在使用pyenv，但在系统Python环境中进行了尝试，导致了相同的行为。

有什么建议么？

最佳答案

dyld: Library not loaded ... Reason: Image not loaded中的答案为我指明了正确的方向，建议使用otool重写动态库路径。

列出_hou.so加载的所有库，显示以下列表，其中@rpath/Houdini.framework/Versions/16.5.571/Houdini是导致此问题的一个。

otool -L /Applications/Houdini/Houdini16.5.571/Frameworks/Houdini.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/houdini/python2.7libs/_hou.so
/Applications/Houdini/Houdini16.5.571/Frameworks/Houdini.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/houdini/python2.7libs/_hou.so:
    @rpath/Houdini.framework/Versions/16.5.571/Houdini (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 16.5.255)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Versions/C/Foundation (compatibility version 300.0.0, current version 1443.14.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/Versions/A/IOKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 275.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1252.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/Cocoa.framework/Versions/A/Cocoa (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 22.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/QTKit.framework/Versions/A/QTKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenCL.framework/Versions/A/OpenCL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/Versions/A/AudioToolbox (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 492.0.0)
    /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
    /usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 400.9.0)

可以使用install_name_tool -change重写路径。

install_name_tool -change @rpath/Houdini.framework/Versions/16.5.571/Houdini /Applications/Houdini/Houdini16.5.571/Frameworks/Houdini.framework/Versions/16.5.571/Houdini /Applications/Houdini/Houdini16.5.571/Frameworks/Houdini.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/houdini/python2.7libs/_hou.so

最好使用相对路径。