有人可以解释一下,如果标记的行被注释掉了,为什么以下代码在Visual Studio C++ 2008/2010上不起作用?是编译器错误还是我做错了什么?该代码应输出一个10 U的序列,但是删除该行后,它什么也不输出。在FilledArray构造函数中,变量chr变为0。谢谢!
// returns a c-string which contains the char repeated a certain number of times
template<char THE_CHAR>
const char *RepeatChar(unsigned int uiNumber)
{
// must be static so can be accessed by struct
static const unsigned int uiMaxSize = 1024;
static const char chr = THE_CHAR;
char temp = chr; // comment out this line and it doesn't work
assert(uiMaxSize > 0);
assert(uiNumber <= uiMaxSize);
static const struct FilledArray
{
char data[uiMaxSize + 1];
FilledArray()
{
// fill all but last with the char (space for terminator)
fill(data, data + uiMaxSize, chr);
data[uiMaxSize] = '\0';
}
} sFilledArray;
// clever bit
return sFilledArray.data + uiMaxSize - uiNumber;
}
int main()
{
cout << RepeatChar<'U'>(10) << endl;
}
最佳答案
看起来像一个编译器错误。我将代码更改为以下内容:
#include <iostream>
#include <assert.h>
using namespace std;
// returns a c-string which contains the char repeated a certain number of times
template<char THE_CHAR>
const char *RepeatChar(unsigned int uiNumber)
{
// must be static so can be accessed by struct
static const unsigned int uiMaxSize = 1024;
static const char chr = THE_CHAR;
// char temp = chr; // comment out this line and it doesn't work
static const struct FilledArray
{
char data[uiMaxSize + 1];
FilledArray()
{
cout << "[" << chr << "]" << endl;
fill(data, data + uiMaxSize, chr);
data[uiMaxSize] = '\0';
}
} sFilledArray;
return sFilledArray.data + uiMaxSize - uiNumber;
}
int main()
{
cout << RepeatChar<'U'>(10) << endl;
}
然后拆卸问题区域,即:
cout << "[" << chr << "]" << endl;
fill(data, data + uiMaxSize, chr);
data[uiMaxSize] = '\0';
和:
cout << "[" << chr << "]" << endl;
00FA3273 push offset std::endl (0F9E730h)
00FA3278 push offset string "]" (0FFE3C0h)
00FA327D push 55h
00FA327F push offset string "[" (0FFE3BCh)
00FA3284 push offset std::cout (1011F80h)
00FA3289 call std::operator<<<std::char_traits<char> > (0F9EF91h)
00FA328E add esp,8
00FA3291 push eax
00FA3292 call std::operator<<<std::char_traits<char> > (0F9FA3Bh)
00FA3297 add esp,8
00FA329A push eax
00FA329B call std::operator<<<std::char_traits<char> > (0F9EF91h)
00FA32A0 add esp,8
00FA32A3 mov ecx,eax
00FA32A5 call std::basic_ostream<char,std::char_traits<char> >::operator<< (0F9EFD2h)
fill(data, data + uiMaxSize, chr);
00FA32AA push offset `RepeatChar<85>'::`2'::chr (0FFE3BAh)
00FA32AF mov eax,dword ptr [this]
00FA32B2 add eax,400h
00FA32B7 push eax
00FA32B8 mov ecx,dword ptr [this]
00FA32BB push ecx
00FA32BC call std::fill<char *,char> (0F9E839h)
00FA32C1 add esp,0Ch
data[uiMaxSize] = '\0';
00FA32C4 mov eax,dword ptr [this]
00FA32C7 mov byte ptr [eax+400h],0
请注意,当由cout <
00FA327D push 55h
但是,当用作填充参数时,它将使用偏移量
RepeatChar<85>'::
2':: chr(0FFE3BAh),如下所示:00FA32AA push offset `RepeatChar<85>'::`2'::chr (0FFE3BAh)
但是内存位置0FFE3BAh包含0。但是,如果chr用于其他位置,则它将在该位置填充55h。
看起来生成静态部分的代码认为它已经完全优化了chr,但实际上还没有。
不幸的是,我们没有VC++的源代码,因此在Microsoft对其进行修复之前,这仍然是个谜。
编辑:
在g++ 4.4.5中不会编译相同的代码。好吧,它实际上可以很好地编译,但是可以生成代码,该代码依赖于似乎被遗漏的外部环境,这会导致链接程序发声。使用g++编译时出现以下错误代码:
/tmp/cccGJmv9.o: In function `char const* RepeatChar<(char)85>(unsigned int)::FilledArray::FilledArray()':
b1.cpp:(.text+0x56): undefined reference to `chr'
b1.cpp:(.text+0xa5): undefined reference to `uiMaxSize'
b1.cpp:(.text+0xb2): undefined reference to `chr'
b1.cpp:(.text+0xc1): undefined reference to `uiMaxSize'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
这与似乎认为已优化静态const变量的诊断是一致的,但实际上并非如此。