在快速实践中,我编写了名为OrderedSet的简单结构。

我尝试OrderedSet在GCD串行队列中是线程安全的。

但这不起作用。测试结果不稳定。我期望这样的事情:

20:[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]

但收到类似
2:[3, 19]

这是游乐场代码:
import Foundation
import XCPlayground

struct OrderedSet<T: Equatable> {
    mutating func append(e: T) {
        dispatch_sync(q) {
            if !self.__elements.contains(e) {
                self.__elements.append(e)
            }
        }
    }
    var elements: [T] {
        var elements: [T] = []
        dispatch_sync(q) {
            elements = self.__elements
        }
        return elements
    }
    var count: Int {
        var ret = 0
        dispatch_sync(q) {
            ret = self.__elements.count
        }
        return ret
    }
    private var __elements: [T] = []
    private let q = dispatch_queue_create("OrderedSet.private.serial.queue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL)
}
extension OrderedSet: CustomStringConvertible {
    var description: String {
        var text = ""
        dispatch_sync(q) {
            text = "\(self.__elements.count):\(self.__elements)"
        }
        return text
    }
}

// Test code
let globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0)
let group = dispatch_group_create()

var testSet = OrderedSet<Int>()
for i in 0..<20 {
    dispatch_group_async(group, globalQueue) {
        testSet.append(i)
    }
}
dispatch_group_notify(group, globalQueue) {
    print("\(testSet)") // unstable result
}

XCPSetExecutionShouldContinueIndefinitely()

我已经检查了以下内容:

如果将OrderdSet定义为类(而非结构),就可以了。

如果使用信号量而不是串行队列就可以了。

我想知道结构和串行队列对不稳定的原因。

- - 更新

我得到了这些预期的结果。
  • 类而不是struct
    import Foundation
    import XCPlayground
    
    class OrderedSet<T: Equatable> {
        func append(e: T) {
            dispatch_sync(q) {
                if !self.__elements.contains(e) {
                    self.__elements.append(e)
                }
            }
        }
        var elements: [T] {
            var elements: [T] = []
            dispatch_sync(q) {
                elements = self.__elements
            }
            return elements
        }
        var count: Int {
            var ret = 0
            dispatch_sync(q) {
                ret = self.__elements.count
            }
            return ret
        }
        private var __elements: [T] = []
        private let q = dispatch_queue_create("OrderedSet.private.serial.queue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL)
    }
    extension OrderedSet: CustomStringConvertible {
        var description: String {
            var text = ""
            dispatch_sync(q) {
                text = "\(self.__elements.count):\(self.__elements)"
            }
            return text
        }
    }
    
    // Test code
    let globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0)
    let group = dispatch_group_create()
    
    var testSet = OrderedSet<Int>()
    for i in 0..<20 {
        dispatch_group_async(group, globalQueue) {
            testSet.append(i)
        }
    }
    dispatch_group_notify(group, globalQueue) {
        print("\(testSet)") // It's OK
    }
    
    XCPSetExecutionShouldContinueIndefinitely()
    
  • 信号量而不是串行队列
    import Foundation
    import XCPlayground
    
    struct OrderedSet<T: Equatable> {
        mutating func append(e: T) {
            dispatch_semaphore_wait(s, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER)
            if !self.__elements.contains(e) {
                self.__elements.append(e)
            }
            dispatch_semaphore_signal(s)
        }
        var elements: [T] {
            var elements: [T] = []
            dispatch_semaphore_wait(s, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER)
            elements = self.__elements
            dispatch_semaphore_signal(s)
            return elements
        }
        var count: Int {
            var ret = 0
            dispatch_semaphore_wait(s, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER)
            ret = self.__elements.count
            dispatch_semaphore_signal(s)
            return ret
        }
        private var __elements: [T] = []
        private let s = dispatch_semaphore_create(1)
    }
    extension OrderedSet: CustomStringConvertible {
        var description: String {
            var text = ""
            dispatch_semaphore_wait(s, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER)
            text = "\(self.__elements.count):\(self.__elements)"
            dispatch_semaphore_signal(s)
            return text
        }
    }
    
    // Test code
    let globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0)
    let group = dispatch_group_create()
    
    var testSet = OrderedSet<Int>()
    for i in 0..<20 {
        dispatch_group_async(group, globalQueue) {
            testSet.append(i)
        }
    }
    dispatch_group_notify(group, globalQueue) {
        print("\(testSet)") // It's OK
    }
    
    XCPSetExecutionShouldContinueIndefinitely()
    
  • 带OrderdSet本身的
  • 串行队列。
    import Foundation
    import XCPlayground
    
    struct OrderedSet<T: Equatable> {
        mutating func append(e: T) {
            if !self.__elements.contains(e) {
                self.__elements.append(e)
            }
        }
        var elements: [T] {
            return self.__elements
        }
        var count: Int {
            return self.__elements.count
        }
        private var __elements: [T] = []
    }
    extension OrderedSet: CustomStringConvertible {
        var description: String {
            return "\(self.__elements.count):\(self.__elements)"
        }
    }
    
    // Test code
    let globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0)
    let serialQueue = dispatch_queue_create("serial", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL)
    
    let group = dispatch_group_create()
    
    var testSet = OrderedSet<Int>()
    for i in 0..<20 {
        dispatch_group_async(group, globalQueue) {
            dispatch_sync(serialQueue) {
                testSet.append(i)
            }
        }
    }
    dispatch_group_notify(group, serialQueue) {
        print("\(testSet)") // It's OK
    }
    
    XCPSetExecutionShouldContinueIndefinitely()
    
  • 最佳答案

    此代码将捕获testSet当前值:

    dispatch_group_async(group, globalQueue) {
        testSet.append(i) // `testSet` inside the closure will be a copy of the `testSet` variable outside
    }
    

    执行完关闭操作后,内部testSet的值将被复制到外部testSet变量。

    想象一个并发的世界:
  • 10个闭包同时运行,捕获外部testSet的初始值为“0:[]”。
  • 完成后,在闭包内的10个testSet副本尝试将其复制回唯一的外部testSet。但是,只有一个获胜者,例如,外部testSet的当前值为“1:[3]”。
  • 另一个回合开始,捕获外部testSet的当前值为“1:[3]”,附加i并复制回去,产生奇怪的结果,例如“2:[3,19]”

  • 在更新后的案例1中,将OrderedSet更改为class,事情非常简单,testSet被引用捕获,并且所有线程都共享同一对象。

    在您更新的案例3中,通过使用串行队列,我想每个附加和复制回操作都是串行的,因此您会产生一个完美的有序集。

    情况2更复杂。其实我还没有弄清楚到底是怎么回事。而且我认为这更多是关于swift编译器的实现细节,并且可能会在不同的swift版本上进行更改。信号量似乎是一种引用类型,因此'testSet'的所有副本都共享相同的信号量。我猜编译器决定在这种情况下进行一些优化,并将testSet__element的所有副本都指向同一数组。因此,结果包含所有0 ..

    关于ios - Swift 2 : struct thread-safety,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31626004/

    10-09 01:27