我在Linux中安装了python
$ which python
/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/python
我还有pyinstaller
$ which pyinstaller
/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/pyinstaller
现在我已经在/home/username/test/directory中创建了一个示例python文件hello.py
print "Hello World!!"
使用pyinstaller，当我试图使用以下命令为它创建一个可执行文件时，我得到
IOError:找不到Python库：libpython2.7mu.so.1.0，
libpython2.7.so.1.0，libpython2.7m.so.1.0
$ pyinstaller hello.py
532 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.2.1
532 INFO: Python: 2.7.6
534 INFO: Platform: Linux-2.6.18-371.el5-x86_64-with-redhat-5.10-Tikanga
536 INFO: wrote /home/username/test/hello.spec
591 INFO: UPX is not available.
602 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['/home/username/test', '/home/username/test']
602 INFO: checking Analysis
602 INFO: Building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc is non existent
603 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
639 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks...
757 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc
819 INFO: Caching module hooks...
858 INFO: Analyzing /home/username/test/hello.py
859 INFO: Loading module hooks...
860 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
6735 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
6736 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
6741 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
7285 INFO: Looking for eggs
7286 INFO: Python library not in binary depedencies. Doing additional searching...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/pyinstaller", line 9, in <module>
load_entry_point('PyInstaller==3.2.1', 'console_scripts', 'pyinstaller')()
File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/__main__.py", line 90, in run
run_build(pyi_config, spec_file, **vars(args))
File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/__main__.py", line 46, in
run_build PyInstaller.building.build_main.main(pyi_config, spec_file, **kwargs)
File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py",
line 788, in main
build(specfile, kw.get('distpath'), kw.get('workpath'), kw.get('clean_build'))
File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py",
line 734, in build
exec(text, spec_namespace)
File "<string>", line 16, in <module>
File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py",
line 212, in __init__
self.__postinit__()
File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/datastruct.py",
line 161, in __postinit__
self.assemble()
File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py",
line 543, in assemble
self._check_python_library(self.binaries)
File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py",
line 626, in _check_python_library
raise IOError(msg)
IOError: Python library not found: libpython2.7mu.so.1.0, libpython2.7.so.1.0, libpython2.7m.so.1.0
This would mean your Python installation doesn't come with proper library files.
This usually happens by missing development package, or unsuitable build parameters of Python installation.
* On Debian/Ubuntu, you would need to install Python development packages
* apt-get install python3-dev
* apt-get install python-dev
* If you're building Python by yourself, please rebuild your Python with `--enable-shared` (or, `--enable-framework` on Darwin)
请告诉我如何解决此错误并使用它创建单个可执行文件。
最佳答案
您似乎安装了非标准的python：
我在Linux中安装了python
$ which python
/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/python
这可能会导致
pyinstaller无法从系统中找到libpython文件。从pyinstaller文档的When Things Go Wrong部分：但是，其中一个错误可能令人费解：
IOError("Python library not found!")PyInstaller需要绑定Python库，即Python解释器的主要部分，作为动态负载链接
图书馆。此文件的名称和位置因
正在使用平台。
在Linux和Python2.7上，安装
python2.7-dev时，这些libpython*文件通常位于/usr/lib/x86_64-Linux-gnu/下：$ apt-get install python2.7-dev
$ find /usr/lib -name libpython*
/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7-pic.a
/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.a
/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so
在我的机器上，当我在没有设置任何其他选项的情况下运行
pyinstaller时，它会自动使用来自/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu的libpython：1632 INFO: Python library not in binary dependencies. Doing additional searching...
1654 INFO: Using Python library /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
对于使用非标准路径的案例，该帮助页还提供了一个解决方案：
PyInstaller查找python库的位置是
不同的操作系统不同，但是
/lib和/usr/lib是已签入大多数系统。如果你不能把python库放在那里，
尝试在环境变量中设置正确的路径
LD_LIBRARY_PATH在Linux中或DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH在OS X中。现在，我不知道你是如何在系统上安装Python的，所以我不知道你的
libpython文件在哪里（或者根本不存在）。你能做的是：找到
libpython文件的路径可能在/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib下？
你可以做
find /path/to/pkgs -name libpython*如果没有
libpython文件，则需要先安装它。在Linux上，这通常由
apt-get install python2.7-dev将
libpython*文件的路径添加到您的LD_LIBRARY_PATH尝试
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/path/to/dir/with/libpython或查看How to set the environmental variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH in linux
另一方面，我不熟悉Azure DevOps（如您在标题中所示），但我不建议将
python（以及所有其他deps/packages）安装到某些非标准路径，特别是当您需要引用它的其他工具时。