我想知道如何在Spring Beans中初始化字段?以下是几种可能的解决方案:
1.直接在声明上初始化字段
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class DeclarationInit {
private final int field = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
public int getField() {
return field;
}
}
2.使用
@Value
批注初始化字段import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class ValueInit {
@Value("#{T(Integer).MAX_VALUE}")
private int field;
public int getField() {
return field;
}
}
3.使用
@Autowired
批注初始化字段import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class AutowiredInit {
private int field;
@Autowired
private void initField() {
field = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
}
public int getField() {
return field;
}
}
4.使用
@PostConstruct
注释初始化字段import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class PostConstructInit {
private int field;
@PostConstruct
private void initField() {
field = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
}
public int getField() {
return field;
}
}
所有测试均成功,并且没有任何区别:
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = SomeTestContextConfiguration.class)
public class FieldInitTest {
@Autowired
private DeclarationInit declarationInit;
@Autowired
private ValueInit valueInit;
@Autowired
private AutowiredInit autowiredInit;
@Autowired
private PostConstructInit postConstructInit;
@Test
public void shouldInitializeFieldOnDeclaration() {
assertThat(declarationInit.getField(), equalTo(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
}
@Test
public void shouldInitializeFieldWithValueAnnotation() {
assertThat(valueInit.getField(), equalTo(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
}
@Test
public void shouldInitializeFieldWithAutowiredSetter() {
assertThat(autowiredInit.getField(), equalTo(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
}
@Test
public void shouldInitializeFieldWithPostConstruct() {
assertThat(postConstructInit.getField(), equalTo(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
}
}
这些声明是否彼此相等,或者我应该只使用其中之一?
最佳答案
假设该值是一个常数,则第一个选项最容易理解,并且不需要Spring就可以工作,从而简化了单元测试。
第二个和第四个选项更复杂,并且在不需要任何好处的情况下对Spring容器引入了不必要的依赖。第三种选择是绝对奇怪的,因为您使用的是@Autowired
而不是执行依赖注入(inject)。