我正在编写一些arduino代码,但事情还没计划好。
我在这里做错了什么?我已经阅读并尝试对虚拟函数进行自我教育,但是也许我错过了一些东西。转到QUESTIONSHERE,查找我需要回答的实际问题,但首先要进行一些解释:

RGBPixel和colorGenerator类均从colorSource派生,后者提供公共函数getR(),getG()和getB(),以便另一个像素或颜色修改器可以获取其当前颜色的副本。
从colorGenerator派生的类实现颜色生成代码,以便它们可以生成自己的颜色,而RGBPixels具有colorSource * parent成员,因此它们可以从colorGenerator或另一个RGBPixel获取颜色值。
在我的示例中,我有一个colorGenerator子类(CG_EmeraldWaters,应该为我创建各种绿色和蓝色),然后是数组中的许多RGBPixels。 RGBPixels [0]应该从GC_EmeraldWaters的实例中获取值,而RGBPixels [1]从RGBPixels [0],[2]和[n-1]中获取值。像素似乎很好地从其父级拉出了一种颜色,但是链中的第一个像素未正确查询colorGenerator,或者colorGenerator未正确更新。

要更新colorGenerator,一个colorController类将监视整个过程:

colorController.h:

#ifndef _COLORCONTROLLER_H
#define _COLORCONTROLLER_H

#include <list>
#include "colorGenerator.h"
#include "RGBPixel.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include "Arduino.h"

unsigned long millis();

typedef std::list<colorGenerator> generatorList;

class colorController
{
    public:
    virtual bool refresh();
    protected:
    generatorList generators;
};

#endif //_COLORCONTROLLER_H


如您所见,控制器具有colorGenerators列表和刷新它们的方法(从loop()调用),除非在子类中对其进行覆盖,否则它们将执行以下操作:

bool colorController::refresh()
{
    for (generatorList::iterator it = generators.begin(); it != generators.end(); ++it)
    it->refresh();
    bool dirty = false;
    for (int i = NUM_OF_LEDS-1; i >= 0; --i)
    dirty |= RGBPixels[i].refresh();
    return dirty;
}


CC_Cascade类(从colorController派生)设置如下:

CC_Cascade.h

#ifndef _CC_CASCADE_H
#define _CC_CASCADE_H

#include "colorController.h"

class CC_Cascade : public colorController
{
    public:
        CC_Cascade();
        ~CC_Cascade();
};

#endif //_CC_CASCADE_H


CC_Cascade.cpp

#include "CC_Cascade.h"
#include "CG_EmeraldWaters.h"

CC_Cascade::CC_Cascade()
{
    colorGenerator * freshBubblingSpring = new CG_EmeraldWaters();
    generators.push_back(*freshBubblingSpring);
    RGBPixels[0].setParent(freshBubblingSpring);
    RGBPixels[0].setDelay(40);
    for (int i = 1; i < NUM_OF_LEDS; ++i)
    {
    RGBPixels[i].setParent(&RGBPixels[i-1]);
    RGBPixels[i].setDelay(500-(9*i)); //FIXME: magic number only works for 50ish pixels
    }
}

CC_Cascade::~CC_Cascade()
{
    //TODO: delete generators
}


到目前为止清楚吗?
让我引起您对colorController :: refresh()函数的关注。应该发生的是,每次调用时,生成器列表中都有一个colorGenerator(因为CC_Cascade构造函数将其放置在其中),即CG_EmeraldWaters。 (通过迭代器)对此调用refresh()时,它将调用colorGenerator :: refresh(),后者又将调用updateColor()。在CG_EmeraldWaters的情况下,它被覆盖,因此应调用CG_EmeraldWaters :: updateColor,以提供绿松石色。使用一些串行写语句进行调试,我可以看到IN FACT colorGenerator :: updateColor()已被调用,因此在这种情况下,我希望显示为橙色,但这些都不影响像素的颜色,所有这些保持CG_EmeraldWaters构造器中设置的紫色。
有点混乱,我在colorGenerator :: updateColor()中添加了以下行:RGBPixels[0].setColor(255,127,0);
第一个像素不是我希望的橙色,而是在紫色和橙色之间快速切换,这表明(IMHO)我的新代码行已完成工作,但随后该像素又从colorGenerator中拉回了原来的紫色,而且colorGenerator :: updateColor()不会改变colorGenerator的颜色(假设我没有编译错误,它在改变什么?)。

所以我的要求是:(QUESTIONSHERE)
1)如何在colorGenerator :: updateColor()中更改colorSource :: currentR(/ G / B)的值,假设currentR(/ G / B)在colorSource中声明为受保护的,并且colorGenerator直接来自于colorSource?
2)给定CG_EmeraldWaters的实例,我如何通过colorGenerator :: refresh()调用CG_EmeraldWaters :: updateColor(),如果在colorGenerator中将updateColor()声明为virtual并在CG_EmeraldWaters中重写,则CG_EmeraldWaters继承了该方法?

以下是colorGenerator和CG_EmeraldWaters的代码:

colorSource.h:

#ifndef _COLORSOURCE_H
#define _COLORSOURCE_H

#include "Arduino.h"
#ifdef DEBUG
#include "colorGenerator.h" //FIXME: delete Me
#endif

//#define byte unsigned char
typedef byte colorStorage_t;

class colorSource
{
    public:
    colorSource();
        colorSource(colorStorage_t initialR, colorStorage_t initialG, colorStorage_t initialB);

    void setColor(colorStorage_t newR, colorStorage_t newG, colorStorage_t newB);
    //TODO: better implementation than this
    colorStorage_t getR();
    colorStorage_t getG();
    colorStorage_t getB();

    bool hasChanged();

    protected:
    colorStorage_t currentR;
    colorStorage_t currentG;
    colorStorage_t currentB;

    bool dirty;
#ifdef DEBUG
    friend colorGenerator; //FIXME: delete Me
#endif
};

#endif //_COLORSOURCE_H


colorSource.cpp:

#include "colorSource.h"

colorSource::colorSource()
{
    //nothing here
}

colorSource::colorSource(colorStorage_t initialR, colorStorage_t initialG, colorStorage_t initialB)
    :
    currentR(initialR),
    currentG(initialG),
    currentB(initialB)
{
    //intialised in the list
    Serial.println("Constructed Color Source with initial color");
}

void colorSource::setColor(colorStorage_t newR, colorStorage_t newG, colorStorage_t newB)
{
    currentR = newR;
    currentG = newG;
    currentB = newB;
}

colorStorage_t colorSource::getR()
{
    return currentR;
}

colorStorage_t colorSource::getG()
{
    return currentG;
}

colorStorage_t colorSource::getB()
{
    return currentB;
}

bool colorSource::hasChanged()
{
    return !dirty;
}


colorGenerator.h:

#ifndef _COLORGENERATOR_H
#define _COLORGENERATOR_H

#include "colorSource.h"
#ifdef DEBUG
#include "RGBPixel.h" //delete me, used for debugging!
#include "globals.h" //and me!
#endif

extern "C" unsigned long millis();

class colorGenerator : public colorSource
{
    public:
        colorGenerator(colorStorage_t initialR, colorStorage_t initialG, colorStorage_t initialB);
    bool refresh();

    protected:
    virtual void updateColor();

    unsigned long nextColorUpdate = 0;
    unsigned short delay = 40;
};

#endif //_COLORGENERATOR_H


colorGenerator.cpp:

#include "Arduino.h"

#include "colorGenerator.h"

colorGenerator::colorGenerator(colorStorage_t initialR, colorStorage_t initialG, colorStorage_t initialB)
    :
    colorSource(initialR,initialG,initialB)
{
    //intialised in the list
    //Serial.println("Constructed Color Generator");
}

bool colorGenerator::refresh()
{
#ifdef DEBUG
    Serial.print("colorGenerator::refresh()");
#endif
    if (millis() < nextColorUpdate)
    return false;
    nextColorUpdate = millis() + (unsigned long) delay;
    this->updateColor();
    return true;
}

void colorGenerator::updateColor() //this function gets called (even if it has been overridden in a child class), but the code in it doesn't have the desired effect
{
#ifdef DEBUG
    //Serial.print("colorGenerator::updateColor()");
    //RGBPixels[0].setColor(255,127,0);
#endif
    currentR = random(127,255);
    currentG = random(0,127);
    currentB = 0;
}


CG_EmeraldWaters.h:

#ifndef _CG_EMERALDWATERS_H
#define _CG_EMERALDWATERS_H

#include "colorGenerator.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include "RGBPixel.h"

class CG_EmeraldWaters : public colorGenerator
{
    public:
        CG_EmeraldWaters();

    protected:
        void updateColor();
};

#endif //_CG_EMERALDWATERS_H


CG_EmeraldWaters.cpp:

#include "Arduino.h"

#include "CG_EmeraldWaters.h"

CG_EmeraldWaters::CG_EmeraldWaters()
    :
    colorGenerator(255,0,255) //this color seems to stick! Changes made by updateColor() aren't propogated to the pixels.
{
    //initialised in list
    //Serial.println("Constructed Emerald Waters");
}

long random(long,long);

void CG_EmeraldWaters::updateColor() //this never seems to be called!
{
    currentR = 0;
    currentG = random(0,255);
    currentB = random(0,255);
}


最后,主要的草图文件:

#include "FastSPI_LED2.h"
#include <StandardCplusplus.h>

#include "colorController.h"
#include "RGBPixel.h"
#include "globals.h"
#include "CC_Cascade.h"

colorController * currentColorController;
RGBPixel RGBPixels[NUM_OF_LEDS];
struct CRGB ledString[NUM_OF_LEDS];

void setup()
{
#ifdef DEBUG
    //debugging:
    Serial.begin(9600);
    Serial.println("In Setup");
#endif

  // sanity check delay - allows reprogramming if accidently blowing power w/leds
    //delay(2000);
    LEDS.setBrightness(8);
    LEDS.addLeds<WS2801>(ledString, NUM_OF_LEDS);

    currentColorController = new CC_Cascade();
}

void writeValuesToString()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_OF_LEDS; ++i)
    ledString[i] = CRGB(RGBPixels[i].getR(),RGBPixels[i].getG(),RGBPixels[i].getB());
    LEDS.show();
}

void loop()
{
    static bool dirty = false; //indicates whether pixel values have changed since last hardware write
    //unsigned long lastHardwareWrite = 0; //time of last hardware write - only do this once per milisecond to avoid flicker (this method doesn't work, still flickers)

    dirty |= currentColorController->refresh();
    if (dirty)
    {
    dirty = false;
    writeValuesToString();
        delay(1); //to prevent flicker
    }
}

最佳答案

您的问题是由于所谓的object slicing。这是怎么回事:当您声明类型为generatorList的列表时

typedef std::list<colorGenerator> generatorList;


其成员仅限于colorGenerator中的内容。派生类无关紧要,因此当您按

colorGenerator * freshBubblingSpring = new CG_EmeraldWaters();
generators.push_back(*freshBubblingSpring);


不在CG_EmeraldWaters中的colorGenerator部分被“切掉”;您最终得到的是colorGenerator版本。

上面链接的Wikipedia文章中对此原因进行了描述。要解决此问题,请更改列表以包含指向colorGenerator实例的指针,最好是smart pointers。然后,切片问题将不再相关:

typedef std::list<unique_ptr<colorGenerator> > generatorList;
...
unique_ptr<colorGenerator> freshBubblingSpring(new CG_EmeraldWaters());
generators.push_back(freshBubblingSpring);

10-05 18:09