我正在开发一个使用Netty来管理其SSL / TLS连接的应用程序。我正在尝试测试它可以正确处理各种证书错误,为此我使用badssl.com。
但是,当我尝试连接到badssl.com时,会引发异常(为简洁明了起见,已编辑并删除了完整的调用堆栈跟踪):
An exceptionCaught() event was fired, and it reached at the tail of the pipeline. It usually means the last handler in the pipeline did not handle the exception.
io.netty.handler.codec.DecoderException: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Handshake failed
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:442)
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:248)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:372)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:358)
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:350)
at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1334)
...
Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Handshake failed
at com.android.org.conscrypt.OpenSSLEngineImpl.unwrap(OpenSSLEngineImpl.java:436)
at javax.net.ssl.SSLEngine.unwrap(SSLEngine.java:1006)
at io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler.unwrap(SslHandler.java:1094)
...
Caused by: java.security.cert.CertificateException: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Trust anchor for certification path not found.
at com.android.org.conscrypt.TrustManagerImpl.checkTrusted(TrustManagerImpl.java:318)
at com.android.org.conscrypt.TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(TrustManagerImpl.java:219)
...
Caused by: java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException: Trust anchor for certification path not found.
at com.android.org.conscrypt.TrustManagerImpl.checkTrusted(TrustManagerImpl.java:318)
at com.android.org.conscrypt.TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(TrustManagerImpl.java:219)
at com.android.org.conscrypt.Platform.checkServerTrusted(Platform.java:113)
下列guide for Android developers links
Trust anchor for certification path not found.
异常,包括未标识的CA,自签名证书或缺少中间CA。但是badssl.com并不是这种情况-手机的浏览器可以识别证书,我什至可以成功使用HTTPSUrlConnection与它联系。当我使用InsecureTrustManagerFactory.INSTANCE初始化安全性时,Netty成功连接,但这不是一个长期的解决方案。
以下是相关的代码段:
初始化SslContext
sslContext = SslContextBuilder
.forClient()
.sslProvider(SslProvider.JDK)
// TODO p0: Ensure all the versions we support have this algorithm installed
//.trustManager(InsecureTrustManagerFactory.INSTANCE)
.build();
添加SSL处理程序:
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast(sslContext.newHandler(ch.alloc(), host.getHostName(), host.getPort()));
认证后写HTTP请求:
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(host).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
String request = "GET https://badssl.com/\n" +
"Host: +" + host.getHostName() + "\n" +
"Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;"
+ "DNT: 1\n\n";
future.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(
request, Charset.forName("ASCII")));
}
这里发生了什么?为什么badssl.com无法识别?我还尝试了一些具有已知错误证书的域,这些域似乎错误地成功了。 SSL客户端的唯一示例是SecureChatClient,它使用InsecureTrustManager。
我正在使用Netty 4.1,我的测试手机是具有Android 5.0的LG G3。
最佳答案
我的猜测是您的代码不使用Server Name Indication (SNI)。在这种情况下,到badssl.com的TLS握手将产生证书:
Subject: ...CN=badssl-fallback-unknown-subdomain-or-no-sni
Issuer: ...CN=BadSSL Intermediate Certificate Authority
该证书由BadSSL本身颁发,并且代码正确地抱怨找不到证书路径的信任锚,因为此证书不是由受信任的CA签名的。
..我什至可以成功使用HTTPSUrlConnection ..
HTTPSUrlConnection使用SNI,服务器将发送一个由受信任的CA签名的不同证书:
Subject: ... CN=*.badssl.com
Issuer: ... CN=COMODO RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA
不幸的是,关于如何在客户端上使用SNI的文档似乎很少见,但是看起来缺少支持是Netty更高版本中的问题others noticed too和maybe there is fix。