我正在使用Entity Framework 7和代码优先的方法,并且有一个模型涉及3个级别的父子关系:Corporations
有companies
Companies
属于corporation
并且具有factories
Factories
属于company
由于这三个实体有很多共同点,因此它们都继承自抽象的BaseOrganization
实体。
当我尝试列出所有工厂,包括其母公司,然后包括其母公司时,我有两种不同的情况:
在不将BaseOrganization
包含在上下文中的情况下,代码优先创建三个表(与Table-Per-Concrete-Type或TPC模式相对应)。 Include()
和ThenInclude()
工作正常,我可以按预期列出工厂和遍历关系。
包括BaseOrganization
到上下文中,代码优先创建一个带有鉴别符字段的表(该字段对应于Per-Herarchy表或TPH模式)。 Include()
和ThenInclude()
引发Sequence contains more than one matching element
异常。
这个问题(没有继承和抽象基类模式)已在EF7 Github存储库中解决,并已得到解决(请参见https://github.com/aspnet/EntityFramework/issues/1460)。
因此,我目前不知道我的方法是否有问题,或者这显然与EF7 RC1有关?请注意,我真的更喜欢保留继承关系,以使我的SQL模型更具可读性。
以下是完整的复制代码:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Data.Entity;
namespace MultiLevelTest
{
// All places share name and Id
public abstract class BaseOrganization
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
// a corporation (eg : Airbus Group)
public class Corporation : BaseOrganization
{
public virtual ICollection<Company> Companies { get; set; } = new List<Company>();
}
// a company (eg : Airbus, Airbus Helicopters, Arianespace)
public class Company : BaseOrganization
{
public virtual Corporation Corporation { get; set; }
public virtual ICollection<Factory> Factories { get; set; } = new List<Factory>();
}
// a factory of a company (Airbus Toulouse, Airbus US...)
public class Factory : BaseOrganization
{
public virtual Company Company { get; set; }
}
// setup DbContext
public class MyContext : DbContext
{
// if this line is commented, then code first creates 3 tables instead of one, and everything works fine.
public DbSet<BaseOrganization> BaseOrganizationCollection { get; set; }
public DbSet<Corporation> Corporations { get; set; }
public DbSet<Company> Companies { get; set; }
public DbSet<Factory> Factories { get; set; }
protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(
@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=MultiLevelTest;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true");
}
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
modelBuilder.Entity<Corporation>().HasMany(c => c.Companies).WithOne(c => c.Corporation);
modelBuilder.Entity<Company>().HasMany(c => c.Factories).WithOne(c => c.Company);
modelBuilder.Entity<Factory>().HasOne(f => f.Company);
}
}
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
using (var ctx = new MyContext())
{
ctx.Database.EnsureDeleted();
ctx.Database.EnsureCreated();
// Add a corporation with companies then factories (this works fine)
if (!ctx.Corporations.Any()) CreateOrganizationGraph(ctx);
// Get all the factories without including anything (this is still working fine)
var simpleFactories = ctx.Factories.ToList();
foreach(var f in simpleFactories) Console.WriteLine(f.Name);
// Get all the factories including their mother company, then their mother corporation
var fullFactories = ctx.Factories
.Include(f => f.Company)
.ThenInclude(c => c.Corporation)
.ToList();
foreach (var f in fullFactories) Console.WriteLine($"{f.Company.Corporation.Name} > {f.Company.Name} > {f.Name}");
}
}
public static void CreateOrganizationGraph(MyContext ctx)
{
var airbusCorp = new Corporation()
{
Name = "Airbus Group",
Companies = new List<Company>()
{
new Company
{
Name = "Airbus",
Factories = new List<Factory>()
{
new Factory {Name = "Airbus Toulouse (FR)"},
new Factory {Name = "Airbus Hambourg (DE)"}
}
},
new Company
{
Name = "Airbus Helicopters",
Factories = new List<Factory>()
{
new Factory {Name = "Eurocopter Marignane (FR)"},
new Factory {Name = "Eurocopter Deutschland (DE)"}
}
}
}
};
ctx.Corporations.Add(airbusCorp);
ctx.SaveChanges();
}
}
}
您将希望包括以下NuGet软件包:
"EntityFramework.Commands": "7.0.0-rc1-final",
"EntityFramework.Core": "7.0.0-rc1-final",
"EntityFramework.MicrosoftSqlServer": "7.0.0-rc1-final"
更新
如我自己的评论所述,我的第一个解决方法是避免在DbContext中包含基本类型,以便代码优先生成具有TPC模式的架构(该错误仅在TPH策略中抛出)。
问题在于上面的示例比我的实际实现更简单,它涉及在基本类型级别定义的多对多关系。
由于EF7还不支持多对多关系,因此我们必须定义一个链接实体,它自己映射两个一对多的关系。
该映射实体是在基本类型级别上定义和使用的,代码优先仍然选择TPH策略,然后仍然抛出该错误。
换句话说,我被卡住了,否则我将不得不重复三遍逻辑,这几乎就像故意打破自己的腿一样!
最佳答案
我认为您不应该尝试使用基类。
组织,公司,工厂代表不同的对象,根据我在此处看到的内容,您正在尝试重构代码而不是抽象对象:
如果您创建一个存储作者和书籍的数据库,那么作者和书籍都将具有名称和ID,但是拥有基类有意义吗?
当然,您将节省几行代码,但是这会使您的代码可读性降低。
我认为您应该在有真正继承的情况下使用基类:
例如,您可以有一个基类Person
和一个从Person类继承的Manager
和Employee
类,因为雇员和经理都是人。
对我来说,您只需要删除基类即可,它应该可以按预期工作:
public class Corporation
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public List<Company> Companies { get; set; } = new List<Company>();
}
public class Company
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public Corporation Corporation { get; set; }
public List<Factory> Factories { get; set; } = new List<Factory>();
}
public class Factory
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public Company Company { get; set; }
}
public class MyContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet<Corporation> Corporations { get; set; }
public DbSet<Company> Companies { get; set; }
public DbSet<Factory> Factories { get; set; }
...
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Entity<Corporation>().HasMany(c => c.Companies).WithOne(c => c.Corporation);
modelBuilder.Entity<Company>().HasMany(c => c.Factories).WithOne(c => c.Company);
modelBuilder.Entity<Factory>().HasOne(f => f.Company);
}
}