我必须使用串行接口(interface)控制Modbus设备。我没有使用modbus的经验。但是我的简短研究发现了几个Modbus库

  • pymodbus
  • MinimalModbus
  • Modbus-tk
  • uModbus

  • 优点/缺点是什么,还有更好的替代方法吗?

    最佳答案

    大约在同一时间,我遇到了同样的问题-为python modbus master实现选择哪个库,但对于串行通信(modbus RTU),则我的观察仅对modbus RTU有效。
    在我的考试中,我并没有过多地关注文档,但是串行RTU主站的示例最容易找到用于modbus-tk的示例,但仍在维基百科等源代码中。
    长话短说:
    最小Modbus:

  • 优点:
  • 轻量级模块
  • 读取约10个寄存器的应用程序可以接受
  • 性能

  • 缺点:

    (对于我的应用程序而言)
  • 令人无法接受(对于我的应用程序)读取〜64个寄存器时速度慢
  • CPU负载相对较高


  • pymodbus:
    特色:依靠串行流(post by the author)并且必须动态设置串行超时,否则性能会很低(必须调整串行超时以获得尽可能长的响应)
  • 优点:
  • CPU负载低
  • 可接受的性能

  • 缺点:

    即使动态设置了超时,
  • 的性能也比modbus-tk低2倍;如果将超时保留为恒定值,性能会更差(但查询时间是恒定的)
  • 对硬件敏感(由于我认为是依赖于串行缓冲区的处理流的结果),或者事务可能存在内部问题:如果每秒执行不同的读取或读取/写入操作约20次,则可能会混淆响应更多的。较长的超时有助于但并非总是使串行线路上的pymodbus RTU实现不足以在生产中使用。
  • 添加对动态串行端口超时设置的支持需要其他编程:继承基本同步客户端类并实现套接字超时修改方法
  • 响应验证不如modbus-tk中详细说明。例如,在总线衰减的情况下,仅引发异常,而在相同情况下,modbus-tk返回错误的从站地址或CRC错误,这有助于识别问题的根本原因(这可能是超时时间太短,错误的总线终止/缺少总线错误或 float 地面等)


  • modbus-tk:
    独特的功能:探测串行缓冲区中的数据,快速组装并返回响应。
  • 优点
  • 最佳表现;带有动态超时
  • 的pymodbus约2倍的速度

  • 缺点:
  • 约。与pymodbus相比,CPU负载高出4倍//可以大大提高这一点;参见末尾的EDIT部分。
  • 对于较大请求的CPU负载增加//可以大大改善,使这一点无效;参见结尾处的“编辑”部分。
  • 代码不如pymodbus
  • 优雅


    超过6个月的时间,我一直在使用pymodbus,因为它具有最佳的性能/CPU负载比,但是在更高的请求速率下,不可靠的响应成为一个严重的问题,最终我转向了更快的嵌入式系统,并添加了对我最合适的modbus-tk的支持。
    对于那些对细节感兴趣的人
    我的目标是达到最短的响应时间。
    设置:
  • 波特率:153600
  • 与实现modbus从站的微 Controller 的16MHz时钟同步)
  • 我的rs-485总线只有50m

  • FTDI FT232R转换器以及TCP桥串行(在RFC2217模式下使用com4com作为桥)
  • USB到串行转换器的最低超时和为串行端口配置的缓冲区大小(以降低延迟)时的
  • auto-tx rs-485适配器(总线处于显性状态)

  • 用例场景:
  • 每秒轮询5、8或10次,并支持
  • 之间的异步访问
  • 请求读取/写入10到70个寄存器

  • 典型的长期(周)表现:
  • MinimalModbus:初始测试
  • 后删除
  • pymodbus:〜30ms读取64个寄存器;有效地高达30个请求/秒
  • ,但响应不可靠(如果来自多个线程的同步访问)
  • 可能在github上有一个线程安全的fork,但是它在master后面,我还没有尝试过(https://github.com/xvart/pymodbus/network)

  • modbus-tk:〜16ms读取64个寄存器;对于较小的请求,有效地高达70-80个请求/秒

  • 基准
    代码:
    import time
    import traceback
    import serial
    import modbus_tk.defines as tkCst
    import modbus_tk.modbus_rtu as tkRtu
    
    import minimalmodbus as mmRtu
    
    from pymodbus.client.sync import ModbusSerialClient as pyRtu
    
    slavesArr = [2]
    iterSp = 100
    regsSp = 10
    portNbr = 21
    portName = 'com22'
    baudrate = 153600
    
    timeoutSp=0.018 + regsSp*0
    print "timeout: %s [s]" % timeoutSp
    
    
    mmc=mmRtu.Instrument(portName, 2)  # port name, slave address
    mmc.serial.baudrate=baudrate
    mmc.serial.timeout=timeoutSp
    
    tb = None
    errCnt = 0
    startTs = time.time()
    for i in range(iterSp):
      for slaveId in slavesArr:
        mmc.address = slaveId
        try:
            mmc.read_registers(0,regsSp)
        except:
            tb = traceback.format_exc()
            errCnt += 1
    stopTs = time.time()
    timeDiff = stopTs  - startTs
    
    mmc.serial.close()
    
    print mmc.serial
    
    print "mimalmodbus:\ttime to read %s x %s (x %s regs): %.3f [s] / %.3f [s/req]" % (len(slavesArr),iterSp, regsSp, timeDiff, timeDiff/iterSp)
    if errCnt >0:
        print "   !mimalmodbus:\terrCnt: %s; last tb: %s" % (errCnt, tb)
    
    
    
    pymc = pyRtu(method='rtu', port=portNbr, baudrate=baudrate, timeout=timeoutSp)
    
    errCnt = 0
    startTs = time.time()
    for i in range(iterSp):
      for slaveId in slavesArr:
        try:
            pymc.read_holding_registers(0,regsSp,unit=slaveId)
        except:
            errCnt += 1
            tb = traceback.format_exc()
    stopTs = time.time()
    timeDiff = stopTs  - startTs
    print "pymodbus:\ttime to read %s x %s (x %s regs): %.3f [s] / %.3f [s/req]" % (len(slavesArr),iterSp, regsSp, timeDiff, timeDiff/iterSp)
    if errCnt >0:
        print "   !pymodbus:\terrCnt: %s; last tb: %s" % (errCnt, tb)
    pymc.close()
    
    
    tkmc = tkRtu.RtuMaster(serial.Serial(port=portNbr, baudrate=baudrate))
    tkmc.set_timeout(timeoutSp)
    
    errCnt = 0
    startTs = time.time()
    for i in range(iterSp):
      for slaveId in slavesArr:
        try:
            tkmc.execute(slaveId, tkCst.READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, 0,regsSp)
        except:
            errCnt += 1
            tb = traceback.format_exc()
    stopTs = time.time()
    timeDiff = stopTs  - startTs
    print "modbus-tk:\ttime to read %s x %s (x %s regs): %.3f [s] / %.3f [s/req]" % (len(slavesArr),iterSp, regsSp, timeDiff, timeDiff/iterSp)
    if errCnt >0:
        print "   !modbus-tk:\terrCnt: %s; last tb: %s" % (errCnt, tb)
    tkmc.close()
    
    结果:
    platform:
    P8700 @2.53GHz
    WinXP sp3 32bit
    Python 2.7.1
    FTDI FT232R series 1220-0
    FTDI driver 2.08.26 (watch out for possible issues with 2.08.30 version on Windows)
    pymodbus version 1.2.0
    MinimalModbus version 0.4
    modbus-tk version 0.4.2
    
    读取100 x 64寄存器:
    没有节电
    timeout: 0.05 [s]
    Serial<id=0xd57330, open=False>(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.05, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
    mimalmodbus:    time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 9.135 [s] / 0.091 [s/req]
    pymodbus:       time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 6.151 [s] / 0.062 [s/req]
    modbus-tk:      time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 2.280 [s] / 0.023 [s/req]
    
    timeout: 0.03 [s]
    Serial<id=0xd57330, open=False>(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.03, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
    mimalmodbus:    time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 7.292 [s] / 0.073 [s/req]
    pymodbus:       time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 3.170 [s] / 0.032 [s/req]
    modbus-tk:      time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 2.342 [s] / 0.023 [s/req]
    
    
    timeout: 0.018 [s]
    Serial<id=0xd57330, open=False>(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.018, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
    mimalmodbus:    time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 4.481 - 7.198 [s] / 0.045 - 0.072 [s/req]
    pymodbus:       time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 3.045 [s] / 0.030 [s/req]
    modbus-tk:      time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 2.342 [s] / 0.023 [s/req]
    
    最大程度的省电
    timeout: 0.05 [s]
    Serial<id=0xd57330, open=False>(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.05, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
    mimalmodbus:    time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 10.289 [s] / 0.103 [s/req]
    pymodbus:       time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs):  6.074 [s] / 0.061 [s/req]
    modbus-tk:      time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs):  2.358 [s] / 0.024 [s/req]
    
    timeout: 0.03 [s]
    Serial<id=0xd57330, open=False>(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.03, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
    mimalmodbus:    time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 8.166 [s] / 0.082 [s/req]
    pymodbus:       time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 4.138 [s] / 0.041 [s/req]
    modbus-tk:      time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 2.327 [s] / 0.023 [s/req]
    
    timeout: 0.018 [s]
    Serial<id=0xd57330, open=False>(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.018, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
    mimalmodbus:    time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 7.776 [s] / 0.078 [s/req]
    pymodbus:       time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 3.169 [s] / 0.032 [s/req]
    modbus-tk:      time to read 1 x 100 (x 64 regs): 2.342 [s] / 0.023 [s/req]
    
    读取100 x 10寄存器:
    没有节电
    timeout: 0.05 [s]
    Serial<id=0xd56350, open=False>(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.05, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
    mimalmodbus:    time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 6.246 [s] / 0.062 [s/req]
    pymodbus:       time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 6.199 [s] / 0.062 [s/req]
    modbus-tk:      time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 1.577 [s] / 0.016 [s/req]
    
    timeout: 0.03 [s]
    Serial<id=0xd56350, open=False>(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.03, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
    mimalmodbus:    time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.088 [s] / 0.031 [s/req]
    pymodbus:       time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.143 [s] / 0.031 [s/req]
    modbus-tk:      time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 1.533 [s] / 0.015 [s/req]
    
    timeout: 0.018 [s]
    Serial<id=0xd56350, open=False>(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.018, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
    mimalmodbus:    time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.066 [s] / 0.031 [s/req]
    pymodbus:       time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.006 [s] / 0.030 [s/req]
    modbus-tk:      time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 1.533 [s] / 0.015 [s/req]
    
    最大程度的省电
    timeout: 0.05 [s]
    Serial<id=0xd56350, open=False>(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.05, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
    mimalmodbus:    time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 6.386 [s] / 0.064 [s/req]
    pymodbus:       time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 5.934 [s] / 0.059 [s/req]
    modbus-tk:      time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 1.499 [s] / 0.015 [s/req]
    
    timeout: 0.03 [s]
    Serial<id=0xd56350, open=False>(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.03, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
    mimalmodbus:    time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.139 [s] / 0.031 [s/req]
    pymodbus:       time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.170 [s] / 0.032 [s/req]
    modbus-tk:      time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 1.562 [s] / 0.016 [s/req]
    
    timeout: 0.018 [s]
    Serial<id=0xd56350, open=False>(port='com22', baudrate=153600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=0.018, xonxoff=False, rtscts=False, dsrdtr=False)
    mimalmodbus:    time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.123 [s] / 0.031 [s/req]
    pymodbus:       time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 3.060 [s] / 0.031 [s/req]
    modbus-tk:      time to read 1 x 100 (x 10 regs): 1.561 [s] / 0.016 [s/req]
    
    实际应用:
    modbus-rpc网桥的加载示例(约3%由RPC服务器部分引起)
  • 5 x 64寄存器,每秒同步读取,同时进行
  • 异步访问,串行端口超时设置为0.018 s
  • modbus-tk
  • 10条:{'currentCpuUsage':20.6,'requestsPerSec':73.2}//可以改进;请参见
  • 下的EDIT部分
  • 64 regs:{'currentCpuUsage':31.2,'requestsPerSec':41.91}//可以改进;请参见
  • 下的EDIT部分

  • pymodbus:
  • 10条:{'currentCpuUsage':5.0,'requestsPerSec':36.88}
  • 64条:{'currentCpuUsage':5.0,'requestsPerSec':34.29}



  • 编辑:可以轻松改进modbus-tk库以减少CPU使用率。
    在原始版本中,在发送请求并经过T3.5睡眠传递后,主控器一次汇编响应一个字节。分析证明,大多数时间都花在串行端口访问上。通过尝试从串行缓冲区读取期望的数据长度,可以改善此问题。根据pySerial documentation的说法,如果设置了超时,它应该是安全的(在缺少响应或时间太短时不会挂断):
    read(size=1)
    Parameters: size – Number of bytes to read.
    Returns:    Bytes read from the port.
    Read size bytes from the serial port. If a timeout is set it may return less characters as
    requested. With no timeout it will block until the requested number of bytes is read.
    
    通过以下方式修改`modbus_rtu.py'之后:
    def _recv(self, expected_length=-1):
         """Receive the response from the slave"""
         response = ""
         read_bytes = "dummy"
         iterCnt = 0
         while read_bytes:
             if iterCnt == 0:
                 read_bytes = self._serial.read(expected_length)  # reduces CPU load for longer frames; serial port timeout is used anyway
             else:
                 read_bytes = self._serial.read(1)
             response += read_bytes
             if len(response) >= expected_length >= 0:
                 #if the expected number of byte is received consider that the response is done
                 #improve performance by avoiding end-of-response detection by timeout
                 break
             iterCnt += 1
    
    修改modbus-tk之后,实际应用程序中的CPU负载显着下降,而不会显着降低性能(仍然优于pymodbus):
    更新了modbus-rpc网桥的加载示例(〜3%由RPC服务器部分引起)
  • 5 x 64寄存器,每秒同步读取,同时进行
  • 异步访问,串行端口超时设置为0.018 s
  • modbus-tk
  • 10条:{'currentCpuUsage':7.8,'requestsPerSec':66.81}
  • 64条:{'currentCpuUsage':8.1,'requestsPerSec':37.61}

  • pymodbus:
  • 10条:{'currentCpuUsage':5.0,'requestsPerSec':36.88}
  • 64条:{'currentCpuUsage':5.0,'requestsPerSec':34.29}


  • 10-07 20:50