语境
在最近的SO-post中,我发现在处理堆栈/链列表达式以及不同的Windows规范时,使用withColumn
可以改善DAG。但是,在此示例中,withColumn
实际上使DAG变得更糟,并且不同于使用select
的结果。
可重现的例子
首先,一些测试数据(PySpark 2.4.4独立版):
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from pyspark.sql import SparkSession, Window
from pyspark.sql import functions as F
spark = SparkSession.builder.getOrCreate()
dfp = pd.DataFrame(
{
"col1": np.random.randint(0, 5, size=100),
"col2": np.random.randint(0, 5, size=100),
"col3": np.random.randint(0, 5, size=100),
"col4": np.random.randint(0, 5, size=100),
"col5": np.random.randint(0, 5, size=100),
}
)
df = spark.createDataFrame(dfp)
df.show(5)
+----+----+----+----+----+
|col1|col2|col3|col4|col5|
+----+----+----+----+----+
| 0| 3| 2| 2| 2|
| 1| 3| 3| 2| 4|
| 0| 0| 3| 3| 2|
| 3| 0| 1| 4| 4|
| 4| 0| 3| 3| 3|
+----+----+----+----+----+
only showing top 5 rows
这个例子很简单。中包含2个窗口规范和基于它们的4个独立列表达式:
w1 = Window.partitionBy("col1").orderBy("col2")
w2 = Window.partitionBy("col3").orderBy("col4")
col_w1_1 = F.max("col5").over(w1).alias("col_w1_1")
col_w1_2 = F.sum("col5").over(w1).alias("col_w1_2")
col_w2_1 = F.max("col5").over(w2).alias("col_w2_1")
col_w2_2 = F.sum("col5").over(w2).alias("col_w2_2")
expr = [col_w1_1, col_w1_2, col_w2_1, col_w2_2]
withColumn-4个随机播放
如果
withColumn
与交替的窗口规范一起使用,则DAG会创建不必要的混洗:df.withColumn("col_w1_1", col_w1_1)\
.withColumn("col_w2_1", col_w2_1)\
.withColumn("col_w1_2", col_w1_2)\
.withColumn("col_w2_2", col_w2_2)\
.explain()
== Physical Plan ==
Window [sum(col5#92L) windowspecdefinition(col3#90L, col4#91L ASC NULLS FIRST, specifiedwindowframe(RangeFrame, unboundedpreceding$(), currentrow$())) AS col_w2_2#147L], [col3#90L], [col4#91L ASC NULLS FIRST]
+- *(4) Sort [col3#90L ASC NULLS FIRST, col4#91L ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
+- Exchange hashpartitioning(col3#90L, 200)
+- Window [sum(col5#92L) windowspecdefinition(col1#88L, col2#89L ASC NULLS FIRST, specifiedwindowframe(RangeFrame, unboundedpreceding$(), currentrow$())) AS col_w1_2#143L], [col1#88L], [col2#89L ASC NULLS FIRST]
+- *(3) Sort [col1#88L ASC NULLS FIRST, col2#89L ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
+- Exchange hashpartitioning(col1#88L, 200)
+- Window [max(col5#92L) windowspecdefinition(col3#90L, col4#91L ASC NULLS FIRST, specifiedwindowframe(RangeFrame, unboundedpreceding$(), currentrow$())) AS col_w2_1#145L], [col3#90L], [col4#91L ASC NULLS FIRST]
+- *(2) Sort [col3#90L ASC NULLS FIRST, col4#91L ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
+- Exchange hashpartitioning(col3#90L, 200)
+- Window [max(col5#92L) windowspecdefinition(col1#88L, col2#89L ASC NULLS FIRST, specifiedwindowframe(RangeFrame, unboundedpreceding$(), currentrow$())) AS col_w1_1#141L], [col1#88L], [col2#89L ASC NULLS FIRST]
+- *(1) Sort [col1#88L ASC NULLS FIRST, col2#89L ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
+- Exchange hashpartitioning(col1#88L, 200)
+- Scan ExistingRDD[col1#88L,col2#89L,col3#90L,col4#91L,col5#92L]
选择-2个随机播放
如果所有列都使用
select
传递,则DAG是正确的。df.select("*", *expr).explain()
== Physical Plan ==
Window [max(col5#92L) windowspecdefinition(col3#90L, col4#91L ASC NULLS FIRST, specifiedwindowframe(RangeFrame, unboundedpreceding$(), currentrow$())) AS col_w2_1#119L, sum(col5#92L) windowspecdefinition(col3#90L, col4#91L ASC NULLS FIRST, specifiedwindowframe(RangeFrame, unboundedpreceding$(), currentrow$())) AS col_w2_2#121L], [col3#90L], [col4#91L ASC NULLS FIRST]
+- *(2) Sort [col3#90L ASC NULLS FIRST, col4#91L ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
+- Exchange hashpartitioning(col3#90L, 200)
+- Window [max(col5#92L) windowspecdefinition(col1#88L, col2#89L ASC NULLS FIRST, specifiedwindowframe(RangeFrame, unboundedpreceding$(), currentrow$())) AS col_w1_1#115L, sum(col5#92L) windowspecdefinition(col1#88L, col2#89L ASC NULLS FIRST, specifiedwindowframe(RangeFrame, unboundedpreceding$(), currentrow$())) AS col_w1_2#117L], [col1#88L], [col2#89L ASC NULLS FIRST]
+- *(1) Sort [col1#88L ASC NULLS FIRST, col2#89L ASC NULLS FIRST], false, 0
+- Exchange hashpartitioning(col1#88L, 200)
+- Scan ExistingRDD[col1#88L,col2#89L,col3#90L,col4#91L,col5#92L]
问题
有一些关于为什么应该避免使用
withColumn
的现有信息,但是它们主要涉及许多次调用withColumn
的问题,并且没有解决偏离DAG的问题(请参阅here和here)。有谁知道为什么DAG在withColumn
和select
之间有所不同? Spark的优化算法在任何情况下都应适用,并且不应依赖于表达完全相同的事物的不同方法。提前致谢。
最佳答案
使用嵌套withColumns和窗口函数时?
假设我要执行以下操作:
w1 = ...rangeBetween(-300, 0)
w2 = ...rowsBetween(-1,0)
(df.withColumn("some1", col(f.max("original1").over(w1))
.withColumn("some2", lag("some1")).over(w2)).show()
即使使用非常小的数据集,我也会遇到很多内存问题和大量溢出。如果我使用select而不是withColumn做同样的事情,它的执行速度会更快。
df.select(
f.max(col("original1")).over(w1).alias("some1"),
f.lag("some1")).over(w2)
).show()