我已经从源代码编译并安装了python 3.6，当我在控制台中键入python3.6时，我得到:
Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
Python 3.6.1rc1+ (default, Mar 11 2017, 15:01:24)
[GCC 4.9.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
我已经读过(这里https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#environment-variables)，一般而言，我不需要设置PYTHONHOME变量(并且我不想设置它)。
我还安装了其他python版本(2.7和3.4)，没有问题。
我通过
platform dependent libraries理解了像这样加载python的共享库:$ ls /usr/lib/python3.6/ | grep .so
array.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_asyncio.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
audioop.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
binascii.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_bisect.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_blake2.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
cmath.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_codecs_cn.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_codecs_hk.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_codecs_iso2022.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_codecs_jp.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_codecs_kr.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_codecs_tw.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_crypt.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_csv.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_ctypes.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_ctypes_test.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
cv2.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_datetime.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_decimal.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_elementtree.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
fcntl.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
grp.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_hashlib.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_heapq.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
json
_json.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_lsprof.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_lzma.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
math.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_md5.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
mmap.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_multibytecodec.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_multiprocessing.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
nis.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_opcode.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
ossaudiodev.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
parser.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_pickle.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_posixsubprocess.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
pyexpat.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_random.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
resource.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
select.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_sha1.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_sha256.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_sha3.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_sha512.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_socket.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
spwd.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_ssl.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_struct.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
syslog.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
termios.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_testbuffer.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_testcapi.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_testimportmultiple.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
_testmultiphase.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
unicodedata.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
xxlimited.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
zlib.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so
如果我打印sys.path:
$ python3.6
Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
Python 3.6.1rc1+ (default, Mar 11 2017, 15:01:24)
[GCC 4.9.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/usr/lib/python36.zip', '/usr/lib/python3.6', '/usr/lib/lib-dynload', '/home/pi/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages']
>>>
您可以看到python在该目录中进行搜索。
当我尝试导入任何依赖库时，例如
math.cpython-36m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so，它的工作原理。$ python3.6
Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
Python 3.6.1rc1+ (default, Mar 11 2017, 15:01:24)
[GCC 4.9.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import math
>>> dir(math)
['__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2', 'atanh', 'ceil', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degrees', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'factorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma', 'gcd', 'hypot', 'inf', 'isclose', 'isfinite', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'log', 'log10', 'log1p', 'log2', 'modf', 'nan', 'pi', 'pow', 'radians', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'tau', 'trunc']
>>> math.cos(2)
-0.4161468365471424
因此，问题是
platform dependent libraries是什么意思，其默认路径在哪里？ 最佳答案
我经常在OpenSuse上遇到此构建Python的问题。后
./configure
make
sudo make altinstall
解释器在调用时产生此输出
$ python3.9
Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
Python 3.9.0a6 (default, Apr 29 2020, 07:38:01)
[GCC 7.5.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Module readline not available.
我在Python错误报告中发现了一个comment，该单词建议将
lib-dynload从lib链接到lib64，这为我解决了这个问题。$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload /usr/local/lib/python3.9/lib-dynload
根据此bug report，此问题已修复为3.9，但不适用于3.9.0a6。可能是它仅适用于发行版安装(或者我的系统搞砸了，这也是很有可能的，这已经经历了十年的OpenSuse升级)。