这是针对Python 3.6的。
编辑并删除了很多无关紧要的内容。
我以为json比pickle快，并且有关Stack Overflow的其他答案和评论似乎也使很多其他人也相信这一点。
我的测试是犹太洁食吗？差距比我预期的要大得多。在非常大的对象上进行测试，我得到相同的结果。
import json
import pickle
import timeit
file_name = 'foo'
num_tests = 100000
obj = {1: 1}
command = 'pickle.dumps(obj)'
setup = 'from __main__ import pickle, obj'
result = timeit.timeit(command, setup=setup, number=num_tests)
print("pickle: %f seconds" % result)
command = 'json.dumps(obj)'
setup = 'from __main__ import json, obj'
result = timeit.timeit(command, setup=setup, number=num_tests)
print("json: %f seconds" % result)
和输出：
pickle: 0.054130 seconds
json: 0.467168 seconds
最佳答案
我已经根据您的代码段尝试了几种方法，发现使用cPickle并将dumps方法的协议参数设置为：cPickle.dumps(obj, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)是最快的转储方法。
import msgpack
import json
import pickle
import timeit
import cPickle
import numpy as np
num_tests = 10
obj = np.random.normal(0.5, 1, [240, 320, 3])
command = 'pickle.dumps(obj)'
setup = 'from __main__ import pickle, obj'
result = timeit.timeit(command, setup=setup, number=num_tests)
print("pickle: %f seconds" % result)
command = 'cPickle.dumps(obj)'
setup = 'from __main__ import cPickle, obj'
result = timeit.timeit(command, setup=setup, number=num_tests)
print("cPickle: %f seconds" % result)
command = 'cPickle.dumps(obj, protocol=cPickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)'
setup = 'from __main__ import cPickle, obj'
result = timeit.timeit(command, setup=setup, number=num_tests)
print("cPickle highest: %f seconds" % result)
command = 'json.dumps(obj.tolist())'
setup = 'from __main__ import json, obj'
result = timeit.timeit(command, setup=setup, number=num_tests)
print("json: %f seconds" % result)
command = 'msgpack.packb(obj.tolist())'
setup = 'from __main__ import msgpack, obj'
result = timeit.timeit(command, setup=setup, number=num_tests)
print("msgpack: %f seconds" % result)
输出：
pickle : 0.847938 seconds
cPickle : 0.810384 seconds
cPickle highest: 0.004283 seconds
json : 1.769215 seconds
msgpack : 0.270886 seconds