我的公司正在考虑使用 ZeroMQ 作为传输机制。首先，我对性能进行了基准测试，以了解我正在玩的东西。
所以我创建了一个应用程序，将 zmq 经销商到经销商的设置与 winsock 进行比较。我测量了从客户端向服务器发送同步消息的往返时间，然后计算平均值。
这里运行 winsock 的服务器:
DWORD RunServerWINSOCKTest(DWORD dwPort)
{
WSADATA wsaData;
int iRet = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
if (iRet != NO_ERROR)
{
printf("WSAStartup failed with error: %d\n", iRet);
return iRet;
}
struct addrinfo hints;
ZeroMemory(&hints, sizeof(hints));
hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
struct addrinfo *result = NULL;
iRet = getaddrinfo(NULL, std::to_string(dwPort).c_str(), &hints, &result);
if (iRet != 0)
{
WSACleanup();
return iRet;
}
SOCKET ListenSocket = socket(result->ai_family, result->ai_socktype, result->ai_protocol);
if (ListenSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
freeaddrinfo(result);
WSACleanup();
return WSAGetLastError();
}
iRet = bind(ListenSocket, result->ai_addr, (int)result->ai_addrlen);
if (iRet == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
freeaddrinfo(result);
closesocket(ListenSocket);
WSACleanup();
return WSAGetLastError();
}
freeaddrinfo(result);
iRet = listen(ListenSocket, SOMAXCONN);
if (iRet == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
closesocket(ListenSocket);
WSACleanup();
return WSAGetLastError();
}
while (true)
{
SOCKET ClientSocket = accept(ListenSocket, NULL, NULL);
if (ClientSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
closesocket(ListenSocket);
WSACleanup();
return WSAGetLastError();
}
char value = 0;
setsockopt(ClientSocket, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &value, sizeof(value));
char recvbuf[DEFAULT_BUFLEN];
int recvbuflen = DEFAULT_BUFLEN;
do {
iRet = recv(ClientSocket, recvbuf, recvbuflen, 0);
if (iRet > 0) {
// Echo the buffer back to the sender
int iSendResult = send(ClientSocket, recvbuf, iRet, 0);
if (iSendResult == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
closesocket(ClientSocket);
WSACleanup();
return WSAGetLastError();
}
}
else if (iRet == 0)
printf("Connection closing...\n");
else {
closesocket(ClientSocket);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
} while (iRet > 0);
iRet = shutdown(ClientSocket, SD_SEND);
if (iRet == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
closesocket(ClientSocket);
WSACleanup();
return WSAGetLastError();
}
closesocket(ClientSocket);
}
closesocket(ListenSocket);
return WSACleanup();
}
这是运行 winsock 的客户端:
DWORD RunClientWINSOCKTest(std::string strAddress, DWORD dwPort, DWORD dwMessageSize)
{
WSADATA wsaData;
int iRet = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
if (iRet != NO_ERROR)
{
return iRet;
}
SOCKET ConnectSocket = INVALID_SOCKET;
struct addrinfo *result = NULL, *ptr = NULL, hints;
ZeroMemory(&hints, sizeof(hints));
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
int iResult = getaddrinfo(strAddress.c_str(), std::to_string(dwPort).c_str(), &hints, &result);
if (iResult != 0) {
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
for (ptr = result; ptr != NULL; ptr = ptr->ai_next) {
ConnectSocket = socket(ptr->ai_family, ptr->ai_socktype, ptr->ai_protocol);
if (ConnectSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
iResult = connect(ConnectSocket, ptr->ai_addr, (int)ptr->ai_addrlen);
if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
closesocket(ConnectSocket);
ConnectSocket = INVALID_SOCKET;
continue;
}
break;
}
freeaddrinfo(result);
if (ConnectSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
// Statistics
UINT64 uint64BytesTransmitted = 0;
UINT64 uint64StartTime = s_TimeStampGenerator.GetHighResolutionTimeStamp();
UINT64 uint64WaitForResponse = 0;
DWORD dwMessageCount = 1000000;
CHAR cRecvMsg[DEFAULT_BUFLEN];
SecureZeroMemory(&cRecvMsg, DEFAULT_BUFLEN);
std::string strSendMsg(dwMessageSize, 'X');
for (DWORD dwI = 0; dwI < dwMessageCount; dwI++)
{
int iRet = send(ConnectSocket, strSendMsg.data(), strSendMsg.size(), 0);
if (iRet == SOCKET_ERROR) {
closesocket(ConnectSocket);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
uint64BytesTransmitted += strSendMsg.size();
UINT64 uint64BeforeRespone = s_TimeStampGenerator.GetHighResolutionTimeStamp();
iRet = recv(ConnectSocket, cRecvMsg, DEFAULT_BUFLEN, 0);
if (iRet < 1)
{
closesocket(ConnectSocket);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
std::string strMessage(cRecvMsg);
if (strMessage.compare(strSendMsg) == 0)
{
uint64WaitForResponse += (s_TimeStampGenerator.GetHighResolutionTimeStamp() - uint64BeforeRespone);
}
else
{
return NO_ERROR;
}
}
UINT64 uint64ElapsedTime = s_TimeStampGenerator.GetHighResolutionTimeStamp() - uint64StartTime;
PrintResult(uint64ElapsedTime, uint64WaitForResponse, dwMessageCount, uint64BytesTransmitted, dwMessageSize);
iResult = shutdown(ConnectSocket, SD_SEND);
if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
closesocket(ConnectSocket);
WSACleanup();
return 1;
}
closesocket(ConnectSocket);
return WSACleanup();
}
这是运行 ZMQ 的服务器(经销商)
DWORD RunServerZMQTest(DWORD dwPort)
{
try
{
zmq::context_t context(1);
zmq::socket_t server(context, ZMQ_DEALER);
// Set options here
std::string strIdentity = s_set_id(server);
printf("Created server connection with ID: %s\n", strIdentity.c_str());
std::string strConnect = "tcp://*:" + std::to_string(dwPort);
server.bind(strConnect.c_str());
bool bRunning = true;
while (bRunning)
{
std::string strMessage = s_recv(server);
if (!s_send(server, strMessage))
{
return NO_ERROR;
}
}
}
catch (zmq::error_t& e)
{
return (DWORD)e.num();
}
return NO_ERROR;
}
这是运行 ZMQ 的客户端(经销商)
DWORD RunClientZMQTest(std::string strAddress, DWORD dwPort, DWORD dwMessageSize)
{
try
{
zmq::context_t ctx(1);
zmq::socket_t client(ctx, ZMQ_DEALER); // ZMQ_REQ
// Set options here
std::string strIdentity = s_set_id(client);
std::string strConnect = "tcp://" + strAddress + ":" + std::to_string(dwPort);
client.connect(strConnect.c_str());
if(s_send(client, "INIT"))
{
std::string strMessage = s_recv(client);
if (strMessage.compare("INIT") == 0)
{
printf("Client[%s] connected to: %s\n", strIdentity.c_str(), strConnect.c_str());
}
else
{
return NO_ERROR;
}
}
else
{
return NO_ERROR;
}
// Statistics
UINT64 uint64BytesTransmitted = 0;
UINT64 uint64StartTime = s_TimeStampGenerator.GetHighResolutionTimeStamp();
UINT64 uint64WaitForResponse = 0;
DWORD dwMessageCount = 10000000;
std::string strSendMsg(dwMessageSize, 'X');
for (DWORD dwI = 0; dwI < dwMessageCount; dwI++)
{
if (s_send(client, strSendMsg))
{
uint64BytesTransmitted += strSendMsg.size();
UINT64 uint64BeforeRespone = s_TimeStampGenerator.GetHighResolutionTimeStamp();
std::string strRecvMsg = s_recv(client);
if (strRecvMsg.compare(strSendMsg) == 0)
{
uint64WaitForResponse += (s_TimeStampGenerator.GetHighResolutionTimeStamp() - uint64BeforeRespone);
}
else
{
return NO_ERROR;
}
}
else
{
return NO_ERROR;
}
}
UINT64 uint64ElapsedTime = s_TimeStampGenerator.GetHighResolutionTimeStamp() - uint64StartTime;
PrintResult(uint64ElapsedTime, uint64WaitForResponse, dwMessageCount, uint64BytesTransmitted, dwMessageSize);
}
catch (zmq::error_t& e)
{
return (DWORD)e.num();
}
return NO_ERROR;
}
我在本地运行基准测试，消息大小为 5 个字节，得到以下结果:
温索克
Messages sent: 1 000 000
Time elapsed (us): 48 019 415
Time elapsed (s): 48.019 415
Message size (bytes): 5
Msg/s: 20 825
Bytes/s: 104 125
Mb/s: 0.099
Total response time (us): 24 537 376
Average repsonse time (us): 24.0
和
ZeroMQ
Messages sent: 1 000 000
Time elapsed (us): 158 290 708
Time elapsed (s): 158.290 708
Message size (bytes): 5
Msg/s: 6 317
Bytes/s: 31 587
Mb/s: 0.030
Total response time (us): 125 524 178
Average response time (us): 125.0
谁能解释为什么使用 ZMQ 时平均响应时间要高得多？
目标是找到一个设置，我可以在不需要回复的情况下异步发送和接收消息。如果这可以通过与经销商-经销商不同的设置来实现，请告诉我!
最佳答案
这只是对你问题的一小部分的回答，但这里是 -
为什么需要经销商/经销商？我假设是因为沟通可以从任何一点开始？您不受经销商/经销商的束缚，特别是它限制您只能使用两个端点，如果您在通信的任一端添加另一个端点，例如第二个客户端，那么每个客户端只会收到一半的消息，因为经销商是严格循环的。
异步通信需要的是经销商和/或路由器套接字的某种组合。两者都不需要响应，主要区别在于它们如何选择向哪个连接的对等方发送消息:
这两种套接字类型一起工作，因为经销商套接字(和请求套接字，经销商是“请求类型”套接字)将它们的“名称”作为消息的一部分发送，路由器套接字可以使用它来发送数据。这是一个请求/回复范式，您会在 the guide 的所有示例中看到这种范式强制执行，但是您可以将该范式转变为您正在寻找的内容，特别是经销商和路由器都不需要回复。
在不了解您的全部要求的情况下，我无法告诉您我会选择哪种 ZMQ 架构，但总的来说，我更喜欢路由器套接字的可扩展性，处理适当的寻址比将所有内容硬塞到一个对等点中更容易......你会看到反对做路由器/路由器的警告，我同意他们的看法，你应该在尝试之前了解自己在做什么，但了解你在做什么，实现并不难。
如果它符合您的要求，您还可以选择在每一端设置一个 pub 套接字，并且每个都设置一个子套接字，如果实际上没有回复的话。如果严格来说它是从源到目标的数据馈送，并且双方都不需要对其发送的内容提供任何反馈，那么这可能是最佳选择，即使这意味着您每端处理两个套接字而不是一个。
这些都没有直接解决性能问题，但要了解的重要一点是 zmq 套接字针对特定用例进行了优化，正如 John Jefferies 的回答中指出的那样，您通过在您的测试严格同步。首先是完成您的 ZMQ 架构，然后模拟实际的消息流，特别是不要添加任意等待和同步，这必然会改变您测试时吞吐量的方式，几乎根据定义。
关于c++ - 与 winsock 相比，ZeroMQ 经销商-经销商的高延迟，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26235533/