MySql 备份+ 高可用

percona-xtrabackup工具实现mysql5.6.34的主从同步复制

下载并安装percona-xtrabackup工具

# wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.7/binary/redhat/6/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
# yum localinstall -y percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

 1.备份，将mysql数据库整个备份到/opt/目录下

# innobackupex --defaults-file="/etc/my.cnf" --user=root -proot --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock /opt

2.预处理，进行事物检查(也可以拷贝到从库后再进行检查)

# innobackupex --defaults-file="/etc/my.cnf" --user=root -proot --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --apply-log --use-memory=1G /opt/2017-05-18_00-13-42/

3.scp到从库

[root@centossz008 ~]# scp -r /opt/2017-05-18_01-34-42/ 192.168.3.13:/opt

4.关闭从库，清理从库数据，恢复数据到从库

/etc/init.d/mysqld  stop

删除从库的数据和日志信息

[root@node5 ~]# rm -rf /data/*

在从库上执行(将数据恢复到数据库中)

[root@node5 ~]# innobackupex --defaults-file="/etc/my.cnf" --user=root --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --move-back /opt/2017-05-18_01-34-42/

5.修改权限，启动从库

[root@node5 mydata]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data
[root@node5 mydata]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

查看主库中master位置

[root@node5 mydata]# cat /opt/2017-05-18_01-34-42/xtrabackup_binlog_info
master-bin.000002    191    4c6237f8-a7da-11e6-9966-000c29f333f8:1-2

6.主库中创建建salve同步用户

mysql> grant replication slave,reload,super on *.* to repluser@192.168.3.13 identified by 'replpass';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

7.从库执行同步

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.3.12',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpass',master_log_file='master-bin.000002',master_log_pos=191;
mysql> start slave;

mysql> show slave status\G

 ########################################################################

延迟复制：

启用方法：

mysql> stop slave;
mysql> change master to master_delay=600;
mysql> start slave;

应用场景：
1.误删除恢复
2.延迟测试(当有延迟时业务是否会受影响)
3.历史查询

mysql master 配置

[root@centossz008 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port = 3306
innodb_file_per_table = 1
binlog-format=ROW
log-slave-updates=true
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
master-info-repository=file
relay-log-info-repository=file
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-workers=4
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
server-id=100
report-port=3306
log-bin=/data/binlogs/master-bin
max_binlog_size = 200M
datadir=/data/mydata
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES


init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4

skip-name-resolve
skip-external-locking

back_log = 300
max_connections = 1024
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 4M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M

read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 16M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
expire_logs_days = 10
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 4
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 512M
myisam_repair_threads = 1

interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M

mysql slave 配置

[root@node5 src]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]

port = 3306
innodb_file_per_table = 1
binlog-format=ROW
log-slave-updates=true
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
master-info-repository=file
relay-log-info-repository=file
sync-master-info=1
slave-parallel-workers=4
binlog-checksum=CRC32
master-verify-checksum=1
slave-sql-verify-checksum=1
binlog-rows-query-log_events=1
server-id=200
report-port=3306
log-bin=/data/binlogs/master-bin
relay-log=/data/relaylogs/relay-bin
max_binlog_size = 200M
datadir=/data/mydata
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4

skip-name-resolve
skip-external-locking

back_log = 300
max_connections = 1024
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 4M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M

read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 16M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
expire_logs_days = 10
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 4
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 512M
myisam_repair_threads = 1

interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M

半同步复制

1、主库

#查看是否有动态支持
mysql> show global variables like 'have_dynamic_loading';

#安装自带插件
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME'semisync_master.so';

#启动插件
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1;

#设置超时（单位为秒）
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 1000;

vim  /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1
rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000

  检查安装：

mysql> show variables like'rpl%';
mysql> show global status like 'rpl_semi%';

 2、从库

#安装slave半同步插件
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME'semisync_slave.so';

#启动插件
mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1;

#重启io线程使其生效
mysql> stop slave io_thread; start slave io_thread;

 vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled =1