我还没有找到调整broken axis example的matplotlib底部和顶部绘图高度的解决方案。
顺便说一句：两幅图之间的间距可以通过以下方式调整：
plt.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.03)
更新：
我几乎已经用gridspec搞清楚了：
"""
Broken axis example, where the y-axis will have a portion cut out.
"""
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
# NEW:
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
import numpy as np
pts = np.array([ 0.015, 0.166, 0.133, 0.159, 0.041, 0.024, 0.195,
0.039, 0.161, 0.018, 0.143, 0.056, 0.125, 0.096, 0.094, 0.051,
0.043, 0.021, 0.138, 0.075, 0.109, 0.195, 0.05 , 0.074, 0.079,
0.155, 0.02 , 0.01 , 0.061, 0.008])
pts[[3,14]] += .8
# NEW:
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(2, 1, height_ratios=[1, 3])
ax = plt.subplot(gs[0])
ax2 = plt.subplot(gs[1])
plt.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.03)
ax.plot(pts)
ax2.plot(pts)
ax.set_ylim(.78,1.)
ax2.set_ylim(.0,.22)
ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(False)
ax2.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
ax.xaxis.tick_top()
ax.tick_params(labeltop='off')
ax2.xaxis.tick_bottom()
d = .03
kwargs = dict(transform=ax.transAxes, color='k', clip_on=False)
ax.plot((0-d,0+d), (0-d,0+d), **kwargs) # top-left diagonal
ax.plot((1-d,1+d), (0-d,0+d), **kwargs) # top-right diagonal
kwargs.update(transform=ax2.transAxes) # switch to the bottom axes
ax2.plot((0-d,0+d),(1-d,1+d), **kwargs) # bottom-left diagonal
ax2.plot((1-d,1+d),(1-d,1+d), **kwargs) # bottom-right diagonal
plt.show()
剩下的问题是：
两条平行线段（断轴标记）
因为y轴的长度不同，不再平行。
另一个问题是如何方便地定位ylabel。
最后，我看不到gridspec中的选项
sharex=True。这有关系吗？更新：
添加的ylim和ylim2参数确定高度比时，数据单位应相等：
ylim = [0.8, 1.0]
ylim2 = [0.0, 0.3]
ylimratio = (ylim[1]-ylim[0])/(ylim2[1]-ylim2[0]+ylim[1]-ylim[0])
ylim2ratio = (ylim2[1]-ylim2[0])/(ylim2[1]-ylim2[0]+ylim[1]-ylim[0])
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(2, 1, height_ratios=[ylimratio, ylim2ratio])
ax = plt.subplot(gs[0])
ax2 = plt.subplot(gs[1])
ax.set_ylim(ylim)
ax2.set_ylim(ylim2)
最佳答案
2018年更新
有一个github项目https://github.com/bendichter/brokenaxes可能更方便使用。
我自己的解决方案看起来像（使用GrdSPEC，假设两个Y轴的单位应该相等）：
"""
Broken axis example, where the y-axis will have a portion cut out.
"""
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
import numpy as np
pts = np.array([ 0.015, 0.166, 0.133, 0.159, 0.041, 0.024, 0.195,
0.039, 0.161, 0.018, 0.143, 0.056, 0.125, 0.096, 0.094, 0.051,
0.043, 0.021, 0.138, 0.075, 0.109, 0.195, 0.05 , 0.074, 0.079,
0.155, 0.02 , 0.01 , 0.061, 0.008])
pts[[3,14]] += .8
ylim = [0.82, 1.0]
ylim2 = [0.0, 0.32]
ylimratio = (ylim[1]-ylim[0])/(ylim2[1]-ylim2[0]+ylim[1]-ylim[0])
ylim2ratio = (ylim2[1]-ylim2[0])/(ylim2[1]-ylim2[0]+ylim[1]-ylim[0])
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(2, 1, height_ratios=[ylimratio, ylim2ratio])
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[0])
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(gs[1])
ax.plot(pts)
ax2.plot(pts)
ax.set_ylim(ylim)
ax2.set_ylim(ylim2)
plt.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.03)
ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(False)
ax2.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
ax.xaxis.tick_top()
ax.tick_params(labeltop='off')
ax2.xaxis.tick_bottom()
ax2.set_xlabel('xlabel')
ax2.set_ylabel('ylabel')
ax2.yaxis.set_label_coords(0.05, 0.5, transform=fig.transFigure)
kwargs = dict(color='k', clip_on=False)
xlim = ax.get_xlim()
dx = .02*(xlim[1]-xlim[0])
dy = .01*(ylim[1]-ylim[0])/ylimratio
ax.plot((xlim[0]-dx,xlim[0]+dx), (ylim[0]-dy,ylim[0]+dy), **kwargs)
ax.plot((xlim[1]-dx,xlim[1]+dx), (ylim[0]-dy,ylim[0]+dy), **kwargs)
dy = .01*(ylim2[1]-ylim2[0])/ylim2ratio
ax2.plot((xlim[0]-dx,xlim[0]+dx), (ylim2[1]-dy,ylim2[1]+dy), **kwargs)
ax2.plot((xlim[1]-dx,xlim[1]+dx), (ylim2[1]-dy,ylim2[1]+dy), **kwargs)
ax.set_xlim(xlim)
ax2.set_xlim(xlim)
plt.savefig('broken_axis-mod.png')