我正在尝试使用MCMCpack
获得两个转换率之间差异的后验分布,类似于this PyMC tutorial.的 A和B Together 部分
我可以很好地了解两个采样率的后验,但是我在努力实现采样增量。
编辑真正的增量(如果我们没有捏造数据,这是我们要使用MCMC估算的值,则是未知的)是true_p_a
和true_p_b
这两个比率之差,即 0.01 。
# define true success rates
true_p_a = 0.05
true_p_b = 0.04
# set sample sizes
n_samples_a = 1000
n_samples_b = 1000
# fabricate some data
set.seed(10);
obs_a = rbinom(n=n_samples_a, size=1, prob=true_p_a)
set.seed(1);
obs_b = rbinom(n=n_samples_b, size=1, prob=true_p_b)
# what are the observed conversion rates?
mean(obs_a) #0.056
mean(obs_b) #0.042
# convert to number of successes
successes_a = sum(obs_a) #56
successes_b = sum(obs_b) #42
# calculate the posterior
require(MCMCpack)
simulations = 20000
posterior_a = MCbinomialbeta(successes_a ,n_samples_a, alpha=1, beta=1,mc=simulations)
posterior_b = MCbinomialbeta(successes_b ,n_samples_b, alpha=1, beta=1,mc=simulations)
posterior_delta = ????
posterior_density_a = density(posterior_a)
posterior_density_b = density(posterior_b)
# plot the posteriors
require(ggplot2)
ggplot() +
geom_area(aes(posterior_density_a$x, posterior_density_a$y), fill="#7ad2f6", alpha=.5) +
geom_vline(aes(xintercept=.05), color="#7ad2f6", linetype="dotted", size=2) +
geom_area(aes(posterior_density_b$x, posterior_density_b$y), fill="#014d64", alpha=.5) +
geom_vline(aes(xintercept=.04), color="#014d64", linetype="dotted", size=2) +
scale_x_continuous(labels=percent_format(), breaks=seq(0,0.1, 0.01))
最佳答案
您之所以努力,是因为您尚未完全采用贝叶斯的思维方式。完全没问题,刚开始时我遇到了很多相同的概念问题。 (这个问题已经很老了,所以您可能已经知道了)。
贝叶斯后验密度合并了有关模型参数分布的所有可用信息。因此,要计算模型中任何参数的函数,只需从后验分布中为每次绘制计算该函数。您无需担心标准错误和渐近推断,因为您已经拥有了所需的所有信息。
在这种情况下,因为参数之间的差异是一个常数,并且您有大量数据,所以增量的不确定性很小。估计的平均值为0.014,SD(非SE)为0.009。
完成分析的代码:
# define true success rates
true_p_a = 0.05
true_p_b = 0.04
# set sample sizes
n_samples_a = 1000
n_samples_b = 1000
# fabricate some data
set.seed(10);
obs_a = rbinom(n=n_samples_a, size=1, prob=true_p_a)
set.seed(1);
obs_b = rbinom(n=n_samples_b, size=1, prob=true_p_b)
# what are the observed conversion rates?
mean(obs_a) #0.056
mean(obs_b) #0.042
# convert to number of successes
successes_a = sum(obs_a) #56
successes_b = sum(obs_b) #42
# calculate the posterior
require(MCMCpack)
simulations = 20000
posterior_a = MCbinomialbeta(successes_a ,n_samples_a, alpha=1, beta=1,mc=simulations)
posterior_b = MCbinomialbeta(successes_b ,n_samples_b, alpha=1, beta=1,mc=simulations)
# Subtract the posterior deltas, look at empirical summaries and plot the empirical density function
posterior_delta = posterior_a - posterior_b
summary(posterior_delta)
require(ggplot2)
ggplot(data.frame(delta=as.numeric(posterior_delta)),aes(x=delta)) + geom_density() + theme_minimal()