python - 绘图图上的辅助/平行X轴(python)

我需要在Kaplan Meier图上绘制at_risk数字。

最终结果应与此类似：



我在渲染时遇到的困难是图形底部的No. of patients at risk。此处显示的值与x轴上的值相对应。因此，从本质上讲，它就像与X平行绘制的Y轴。

我一直在尝试复制在这里找到的多轴（https://plot.ly/python/multiple-axes/）没有成功，并且还尝试了一个子图并隐藏除X轴以外的所有内容，但是其值与上图不一致。

最好的方法是什么？

最佳答案

您可以使用子图绘制Kaplan-Meier生存图，其中Plotly有风险的患者。第一个图具有生存率，第二个图是散点图，其中仅显示文本，即未显示标记。

这两个图的y轴都相同，并且将处于危险状态的患者分别绘制在x值上。

更多示例在这里：
https://github.com/Ashafix/Kaplan-Meier_Plotly

实施例1-男性和女性患者中的肺癌

import pandas as pd
import lifelines
import plotly
import numpy as np
plotly.offline.init_notebook_mode()

df = pd.read_csv('http://www-eio.upc.edu/~pau/cms/rdata/csv/survival/lung.csv')

fig = plotly.tools.make_subplots(rows=2, cols=1, print_grid=False)
kmfs = []

dict_sex = {1: 'Male', 2: 'Female'}

steps = 5 # the number of time points where number of patients at risk which should be shown

x_min = 0 # min value in x-axis, used to make sure that both plots have the same range
x_max = 0 # max value in x-axis

for sex in df.sex.unique():
    T = df[df.sex == sex]["time"]
    E = df[df.sex == sex]["status"]
    kmf = lifelines.KaplanMeierFitter()

    kmf.fit(T, event_observed=E)
    kmfs.append(kmf)
    x_max = max(x_max, max(kmf.event_table.index))
    x_min = min(x_min, min(kmf.event_table.index))
    fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=kmf.survival_function_.index,
                                               y=kmf.survival_function_.values.flatten(),
                                               name=dict_sex[sex]),
                     1, 1)


for s, sex in enumerate(df.sex.unique()):
    x = []
    kmf = kmfs[s].event_table
    for i in range(0, int(x_max), int(x_max / (steps - 1))):
        x.append(kmf.iloc[np.abs(kmf.index - i).argsort()[0]].name)
    fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=x,
                                               y=[dict_sex[sex]] * len(x),
                                               text=[kmfs[s].event_table[kmfs[s].event_table.index == t].at_risk.values[0] for t in x],
                                               mode='text',
                                               showlegend=False),
                     2, 1)

# just a dummy line used as a spacer/header
t = [''] * len(x)
t[1] = 'Patients at risk'
fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=x,
                                           y=[''] * len(x),
                                           text=t,
                                           mode='text',
                                           showlegend=False),
                 2, 1)


# prettier layout
x_axis_range = [x_min - x_max * 0.05, x_max * 1.05]
fig['layout']['xaxis2']['visible'] = False
fig['layout']['xaxis2']['range'] = x_axis_range
fig['layout']['xaxis']['range'] = x_axis_range
fig['layout']['yaxis']['domain'] = [0.4, 1]
fig['layout']['yaxis2']['domain'] = [0.0, 0.3]
fig['layout']['yaxis2']['showgrid'] = False
fig['layout']['yaxis']['showgrid'] = False

plotly.offline.iplot(fig)

实施例2-不同治疗方法的结肠癌

df = pd.read_csv('http://www-eio.upc.edu/~pau/cms/rdata/csv/survival/colon.csv')

fig = plotly.tools.make_subplots(rows=2, cols=1, print_grid=False)
kmfs = []

steps = 5 # the number of time points where number of patients at risk which should be shown

x_min = 0 # min value in x-axis, used to make sure that both plots have the same range
x_max = 0 # max value in x-axis

for rx in df.rx.unique():
    T = df[df.rx == rx]["time"]
    E = df[df.rx == rx]["status"]
    kmf = lifelines.KaplanMeierFitter()

    kmf.fit(T, event_observed=E)
    kmfs.append(kmf)
    x_max = max(x_max, max(kmf.event_table.index))
    x_min = min(x_min, min(kmf.event_table.index))
    fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=kmf.survival_function_.index,
                                               y=kmf.survival_function_.values.flatten(),
                                               name=rx),
                     1, 1)


fig_patients = []
for s, rx in enumerate(df.rx.unique()):
    kmf = kmfs[s].event_table
    x = []
    for i in range(0, int(x_max), int(x_max / (steps - 1))):
        x.append(kmf.iloc[np.abs(kmf.index - i).argsort()[0]].name)
    fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=x,
                                               y=[rx] * len(x),
                                               text=[kmfs[s].event_table[kmfs[s].event_table.index == t].at_risk.values[0] for t in x],
                                               mode='text',
                                               showlegend=False),
                     2, 1)

# just a dummy line used as a spacer/header
t = [''] * len(x)
t[1] = 'Patients at risk'
fig.append_trace(plotly.graph_objs.Scatter(x=x,
                                           y=[''] * len(x),
                                           text=t,
                                           mode='text',
                                           showlegend=False),
                 2, 1)


# prettier layout
x_axis_range = [x_min - x_max * 0.05, x_max * 1.05]
fig['layout']['xaxis2']['visible'] = False
fig['layout']['xaxis2']['range'] = x_axis_range
fig['layout']['xaxis']['range'] = x_axis_range
fig['layout']['yaxis']['domain'] = [0.4, 1]
fig['layout']['yaxis2']['domain'] = [0.0, 0.3]
fig['layout']['yaxis2']['showgrid'] = False
fig['layout']['yaxis']['showgrid'] = False

plotly.offline.iplot(fig)