我正在尝试在matplotlib中制作一个“封闭”圆柱体，但是我不确定如何去做。到目前为止，我有一个两端开口的圆柱体，其代码如下：
#make a cylinder without the ends closed
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from scipy.linalg import norm
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
import numpy as np
import math
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
origin = [0,0,0]
#radius = R
p0 = np.array(origin)
p1 = np.array([8, 8, 8])
origin = np.array(origin)
R = 4
#vector in direction of axis
v = p1 - p0
#find magnitude of vector
mag = norm(v)
#unit vector in direction of axis
v = v / mag
#make some vector not in the same direction as v
not_v = np.array([1, 0, 0])
if (v == not_v).all():
not_v = np.array([0, 1, 0])
#make vector perpendicular to v
n1 = np.cross(v, not_v)
#normalize n1
n1 /= norm(n1)
#make unit vector perpendicular to v and n1
n2 = np.cross(v, n1)
#surface ranges over t from 0 to length of axis and 0 to 2*pi
t = np.linspace(0, mag, 600)
theta = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)
#use meshgrid to make 2d arrays
t, theta = np.meshgrid(t, theta)
#generate coordinates for surface
X, Y, Z = [p0[i] + v[i] * t + R * np.sin(theta) * n1[i] + R * np.cos(theta) * n2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]]
#make the color for the faces
col1 = plt.cm.autumn(np.ones(600)) # linear gradient along the t-axis
col1 = np.repeat(col1[np.newaxis,:, :], 100, axis=0) # expand over the theta-axis
ax.plot_surface(X, Y,Z, facecolors = col1, shade = True,edgecolors = "None", alpha = 0.4, linewidth = 0)
plt.show()
运行此代码将产生以下图像
如何用实心圆（即圆盘）封闭圆柱体的末端？
最佳答案
与您的其他代码相似的一种快速简便的方法是使用从r=0到r=R的条生成曲面。在plt.show()之前添加以下行：
R = np.array([0,R])
# cap at t=0
X, Y, Z = [p0[i] + np.outer(R, np.sin(theta)) * n1[i] + np.outer(R, np.cos(theta))*n2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]]
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, edgecolors = "r", alpha=.4, linewidth = .1)
# cap at t=mag
X, Y, Z = [p0[i] + v[i]*mag + np.outer(R, np.sin(theta)) * n1[i] + np.outer(R, np.cos(theta))*n2[i] for i in [0, 1, 2]]
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, edgecolors = "r", alpha=.4, linewidth = .1)
这里的颜色更多是出于说明目的，主要是为了让您看到条带。结果如下：