实现文件上下文管理(__enter__和__exit__)

with open('a.txt') as f:
    '代码块'

一、上下文管理协议

class Open:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __enter__(self):
        print('出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量')
        # return self
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print('with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊')

with Open('a.txt') as f:
    print('=====>执行代码块')
    # print(f,f.name)

出现with语句,对象的__enter__被触发,有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量
=====>执行代码块
with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊

class Open:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __enter__(self):
        print('出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量')

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print('with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊')
        print(exc_type)
        print(exc_val)
        print(exc_tb)

try:
    with Open('a.txt') as f:
        print('=====>执行代码块')
        raise AttributeError('***着火啦，救火啊***')
except Exception as e:
    print(e)

出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量
=====>执行代码块
with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊
<class 'AttributeError'>
***着火啦，救火啊***
<traceback object at 0x1065f1f88>
***着火啦，救火啊***

class Open:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __enter__(self):
        print('出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量')

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print('with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊')
        print(exc_type)
        print(exc_val)
        print(exc_tb)
        return True

with Open('a.txt') as f:
    print('=====>执行代码块')
    raise AttributeError('***着火啦，救火啊***')
print('0' * 10)  #------------------------------->会执行

出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量
=====>执行代码块
with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊
<class 'AttributeError'>
***着火啦，救火啊***
<traceback object at 0x1062ab048>
0000000000000

二、模拟open

class Open:
    def __init__(self, filepath, mode='r', encoding='utf-8'):
        self.filepath = filepath
        self.mode = mode
        self.encoding = encoding

    def __enter__(self):
        # print('enter')
        self.f = open(self.filepath, mode=self.mode, encoding=self.encoding)
        return self.f

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        # print('exit')
        self.f.close()
        return True

    def __getattr__(self, item):
        return getattr(self.f, item)


with Open('a.txt', 'w') as f:
    print(f)
    f.write('aaaaaa')
    f.wasdf  #抛出异常，交给__exit__处理

<_io.TextIOWrapper name='a.txt' mode='w' encoding='utf-8'>

三、优点