view层
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .response import APIResponse
from . import models, serializers
class CarAPIView(APIView):
# 群查
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
car_query = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
car_ser = serializers.CarModelSerializer(instance=car_query, many=True)
return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)
""" 视图家族
from rest_framework import views, mixins, generics, viewsets
views：视图类 - APIView，GenericAPIView(generics中)
mixins：视图工具类 - CreateModelMixin，ListModelMixin，RetrieveModelMixin，UpdateModelMixin，DestroyModelMixin
generics：工具视图类 - 九个类
viewsets：视图集 - 两个视图集基类，两个视图集子类，一个工具类
"""
# 回顾APIView类：1)拥有View的所有 2)重写as_view 3)重写dispatch 4)一系列类属性
# GenericAPIView类
# 1)拥有APIView的所有
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class CarGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
# 不能直接写到objects结束，因为objects结束时，不是QuerySet对象，而是Manager对象，但 .all() 和 .filter() 后一定是QuerySet对象
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
lookup_url_kwarg = 'pk'
# 群查
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# car_query = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
car_query = self.get_queryset()
# car_ser = serializers.CarModelSerializer(instance=car_query, many=True)
car_ser = self.get_serializer(car_query, many=True)
return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)
"""
# 单查
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# pk = kwargs.get('pk')
# car_obj = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).filter(pk=pk).first()
car_obj = self.get_object()
# car_ser = serializers.CarModelSerializer(car_obj)
car_ser = self.get_serializer(car_obj)
return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)
# mixins视图工具类
from rest_framework.mixins import RetrieveModelMixin, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin
class CarReadCreateGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
lookup_url_kwarg = 'pk'
# 群查
# """
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# car_query = self.get_queryset()
# car_ser = self.get_serializer(car_query, many=True)
# return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
# """
# 单查
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# car_obj = self.get_object()
# car_ser = self.get_serializer(car_obj)
# return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)
response = self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)
"""
# 单增
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
# Generics工具视图类
# 单独完成单查接口
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView
class CarRetrieveAPIView(RetrieveAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
lookup_url_kwarg = 'pk'
# 单独完成群查接口
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 单查(get)、单整体改(put)、单局部改(patch)、单删接口(delete)
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
class CarRetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
"""
1、APIView:
1)拥有View的所有 2)重写as_view 3)重写dispatch 4)一系列类属性
2、GenericAPIView
1)继承APIView，所以拥有APIView的所有
2)get_queryset方法，配置queryset类属性，提供视图类相关的Models
3)在第二条基础上，get_object方法，配置lookup_url_kwarg类属性，提供视图类相关的具体Model
4)get_serializer方法，配置serializer_class类属性，提供视图类相关的序列化对象
总结：GenericAPIView就是在APIView基础上额外提供了三个方法，三个类属性，如果不配合视图工具类，体现不出优势
目的：视图中的增删改查逻辑相似，但操作的资源不一致，操作资源就是操作 资源对象们、资源对象以及资源相关的序列化类，
将这三者形成配置，那操作逻辑就一致，就可以进行封装
3、mixins视图工具类们：五个类，六个方法
1)要配合GenericAPIView类使用，将单查、群查、单增，单整体改，单局部改，单删六个接口
封装成retrieve、list、create、update、partial_update、destroy六个方法
原因：六个方法的实现体，调用的方法就是GenericAPIView提供的，所以要配合GenericAPIView类使用
4、generics工具视图类们：九种组合
1)帮我们将不同个数不同种类的mixins与GenericAPIView进行组合
2)不同的组合帮我们实现好对应的get、post、put、patch、delete方法
3)需要我们自己配置三个类属性即可：queryset、serializer_class、lookup_url_kwarg
"""
"""
class CarView(APIView):
def get(self):
obj,
ser,
response,
class CarView(GenericAPIView): # 不会出现，中间产物
queryset,
serializer_class,
lookup_url_kwarg,
def get(self):
obj,
ser,
response,
class CarView(RetrieveModelMixin, GenericAPIView): # 自定义组合，可以超过九种
queryset,
serializer_class,
lookup_url_kwarg,
def get(self):
self.retrieve()
class CarView(RetrieveAPIView): # 最终产物，系统只提供了九种组合，RetrieveAPIView是其中一种
queryset,
serializer_class,
lookup_url_kwarg,
"""
# 视图集
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin, GenericViewSet, ViewSet, ModelViewSet
class CarReadOnlyAPIView(RetrieveModelMixin, ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
# def many_get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
#
# def single_get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 六大接口
class CarModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
# 分析：从实际开发角度分析不合理点
# 1）没有群增，群整体改，群局部改，群删四个接口
# 2）删除操作视图集默认走的destroy方法是将资源从数据库中删除，通常一个做字段is_delete字段修改表示删除
# 3）响应的结果只有数据，没有数据状态码和状态信息
# 解决1,
# 群整体改，群局部改，全删三个接口可以独立成三个方法
def many_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return APIResponse(msg='这个地方是群整体改，你会写！')
def many_partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return APIResponse(msg='这个地方是群局部改，你会写！')
def many_destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return APIResponse(msg='这个地方是群删，你会写！')
# 群增与单增必须公用一个接口，都要走create方法 - 重写create方法，用逻辑进行拆分
def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
request_data = request.data
if isinstance(request_data, list):
car_ser = self.get_serializer(data=request_data, many=True)
car_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
car_obj = car_ser.save()
return APIResponse(msg='群增成功', results=self.get_serializer(car_obj, many=True).data)
return super().create(request, *args, **kwargs)
# 解决2，destroy方法是完成is_delete字段值修改 - 重写destroy方法，自定义实现体
def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
car_obj = self.get_object()
car_obj.is_delete = True
car_obj.save()
return APIResponse(msg='删除成功')
# 解决3，让群查有状态码和状态信息 - 重写list方法
def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
response = super().list(request, *args, **kwargs)
return APIResponse(results=response.data)
""" 视图集总结
核心：视图集都继承了 ViewSetMixin类，该类重写了as_view方法，相比APIView的as_view方法，额外多出了一个参数actions
as_view({'get': 'list'}) 传入的{'get': 'list'}就被actions介绍，原理是将get请求映射给视图类的list函数进行处理
1）为什么有GenericViewSet和ViewSet两个视图集基类
GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, GenericAPIView)，该分支严格满足资源接口
ViewSet(ViewSetMixin, APIView)，该分支满足的接口与资源Model类关系不是特别密切：登录接口、短信验证码接口
2）ReadOnlyModelViewSet，ModelViewSet两个视图集子类，就是做个一堆mixin与GenericViewSet相结合，
自己在urls文件中配置as_view设置映射关系
"""
路由层
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from . import views
# 路由层：外面会遇到这种写法，看到了要认识
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
router = SimpleRouter()
router.register('v7/cars', views.CarModelViewSet, basename='car')
# router.register('books', views.BookModelViewSet, basename='book')
# router.register('users', views.UserModelViewSet, basename='user')
urlpatterns = [
# 基础
url(r'^v1/cars/$', views.CarAPIView.as_view()),
# url(r'^v1/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarAPIView.as_view()),
# Generic
url(r'^v2/cars/$', views.CarGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v2/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarGenericAPIView.as_view()),
# Generic过渡
url(r'^v3/cars/$', views.CarReadCreateGenericAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v3/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarReadCreateGenericAPIView.as_view()),
# 工具视图类
url(r'^v4/cars/$', views.CarListAPIView.as_view()),
# url(r'^v4/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarListAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v5/cars/$', views.CarRetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView.as_view()),
url(r'^v5/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarRetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView.as_view()),
# 视图集
url(r'^v6/cars/$', views.CarReadOnlyAPIView.as_view({'get': 'list'})),
url(r'^v6/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarReadOnlyAPIView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve'})),
# url(r'^v7/cars/$', views.CarModelViewSet.as_view({
# 'get': 'list',
# 'post': 'create',
# 'put': 'many_update',
# 'patch': 'many_partial_update',
# 'delete': 'many_destroy',
# })),
# url(r'^v7/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarModelViewSet.as_view({
# 'get': 'retrieve',
# 'put': 'update',
# 'patch': 'partial_update',
# 'delete': 'destroy',
# })),
url(r'', include(router.urls))
]
# urlpatterns.extend(router.urls)
print(router.urls)
模型层
from django.db import models
# 汽车表、汽车商家表、赞助商表、赞助商详情表
class BaseModel(models.Model):
is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
createdTime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
class Meta:
abstract = True
class Car(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
brand = models.ForeignKey(to='Brand', db_constraint=False, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, related_name='cars')
sponsors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Sponsor', db_constraint=False, related_name='cars')
@property
def brand_name(self):
return self.brand.name
@property
def sponsor_list(self):
sponsor_list_temp = []
for sponsor in self.sponsors.all():
sponsor_dic = {
'name': sponsor.name
}
try:
sponsor_dic['phone'] = sponsor.detail.phone
except:
sponsor_dic['phone'] = '未知'
sponsor_list_temp.append(sponsor_dic)
return sponsor_list_temp
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = '汽车'
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Brand(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = '品牌'
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Sponsor(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
@property
def phone(self):
try:
return self.detail.phone
except:
return "无"
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = '赞助商'
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class SponsorDetail(BaseModel):
phone = models.CharField(max_length=11)
sponsor = models.OneToOneField(to=Sponsor, db_constraint=False, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='detail')
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = '赞助商详情'
def __str__(self):
try: # 连表可能会出现问题，所以要异常处理
return self.sponsor.name + '的详情'
except:
return super().__str__()