sql - 您如何执行与联接的AND？

我有以下数据结构和数据：

CREATE TABLE `parent` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `name` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

INSERT INTO `parent` VALUES(1, 'parent 1');
INSERT INTO `parent` VALUES(2, 'parent 2');

CREATE TABLE `other` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `name` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

INSERT INTO `other` VALUES(1, 'other 1');
INSERT INTO `other` VALUES(2, 'other 2');

CREATE TABLE `relationship` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `parent_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `other_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

INSERT INTO `relationship` VALUES(1, 1, 1);
INSERT INTO `relationship` VALUES(2, 1, 2);
INSERT INTO `relationship` VALUES(3, 2, 1);

我想找到父母双方的记录1和2。
我就是这么想的，但我想知道是否有更好的方法：

SELECT p.id, p.name
FROM parent AS p
    LEFT JOIN relationship AS r1 ON (r1.parent_id = p.id)
    LEFT JOIN relationship AS r2 ON (r2.parent_id = p.id)
WHERE r1.other_id = 1 AND r2.other_id = 2;

结果是1，“父级1”，这是正确的。问题是，一旦得到一个5+连接的列表，它就会变得混乱，并且随着关系表的增长，它会变得缓慢。
有更好的办法吗？
我正在使用MySQL和PHP，但这可能是非常通用的。

最佳答案

好吧，我测试过了。从最好到最坏的问题是：
查询1：连接（0.016s；基本上是即时的）

SELECT p.id, name
FROM parent p
JOIN relationship r1 ON p.id = r1.parent_id AND r1.other_id = 100
JOIN relationship r2 ON p.id = r2.parent_id AND r2.other_id = 101
JOIN relationship r3 ON p.id = r3.parent_id AND r3.other_id = 102
JOIN relationship r4 ON p.id = r4.parent_id AND r4.other_id = 103

查询2:存在（0.625s）

SELECT id, name
FROM parent p
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM relationship WHERE parent_id = p.id AND other_id = 100)
AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM relationship WHERE parent_id = p.id AND other_id = 101)
AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM relationship WHERE parent_id = p.id AND other_id = 102)
AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM relationship WHERE parent_id = p.id AND oth

查询3：聚合（1.016s）
选择p.id，p.name
来自父p
式中（从关系中选择COUNT（*），其中parent_id=p.id和other_id IN（100101102103））
查询4:联合聚合（2.39s）

SELECT id, name FROM (
  SELECT p1.id, p1.name
  FROM parent AS p1 LEFT JOIN relationship as r1 ON(r1.parent_id=p1.id)
  WHERE r1.other_id = 100
  UNION ALL
  SELECT p2.id, p2.name
  FROM parent AS p2 LEFT JOIN relationship as r2 ON(r2.parent_id=p2.id)
  WHERE r2.other_id = 101
  UNION ALL
  SELECT p3.id, p3.name
  FROM parent AS p3 LEFT JOIN relationship as r3 ON(r3.parent_id=p3.id)
  WHERE r3.other_id = 102
  UNION ALL
  SELECT p4.id, p4.name
  FROM parent AS p4 LEFT JOIN relationship as r4 ON(r4.parent_id=p4.id)
  WHERE r4.other_id = 103
) a
GROUP BY id, name
HAVING count(*) = 4

实际上上面的数据是错误的，所以要么是错误的，要么是我做错了。不管是什么情况，以上只是一个坏主意。
如果不是很快，那么您需要查看查询的解释计划。你可能只是缺少合适的指标。试试看：

CREATE INDEX ON relationship (parent_id, other_id)

在沿着聚集路线前进（选择COUNT（*）FROM…）之前，您应该阅读SQL Statement - “Join” Vs “Group By and Having”。
注：上述计时基于：

CREATE TABLE parent (
  id INT PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR(50)
);

CREATE TABLE other (
  id INT PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR(50)
);

CREATE TABLE relationship (
  id INT PRIMARY KEY,
  parent_id INT,
  other_id INT
);

CREATE INDEX idx1 ON relationship (parent_id, other_id);
CREATE INDEX idx2 ON relationship (other_id, parent_id);

以及近80万条记录的创建：

<?php
ini_set('max_execution_time', 600);

$start = microtime(true);

echo "<pre>\n";
mysql_connect('localhost', 'scratch', 'scratch');
if (mysql_error()) {
    echo "Connect error: " . mysql_error() . "\n";
}
mysql_select_db('scratch');
if (mysql_error()) {
    echo "Selct DB error: " . mysql_error() . "\n";
}

define('PARENTS', 100000);
define('CHILDREN', 100000);
define('MAX_CHILDREN', 10);
define('SCATTER', 10);
$rel = 0;
for ($i=1; $i<=PARENTS; $i++) {
    query("INSERT INTO parent VALUES ($i, 'Parent $i')");
    $potential = range(max(1, $i - SCATTER), min(CHILDREN, $i + SCATTER));
    $elements = sizeof($potential);
    $other = rand(1, min(MAX_CHILDREN, $elements - 4));
    $j = 0;
    while ($j < $other) {
        $index = rand(0, $elements - 1);
        if (isset($potential[$index])) {
            $c = $potential[$index];
            $rel++;
            query("INSERT INTO relationship VALUES ($rel, $i, $c)");
            unset($potential[$index]);
            $j++;
        }
    }
}
for ($i=1; $i<=CHILDREN; $i++) {
    query("INSERT INTO other VALUES ($i, 'Other $i')");
}

$count = PARENTS + CHILDREN + $rel;
$stop = microtime(true);
$duration = $stop - $start;
$insert = $duration / $count;

echo "$count records added.\n";
echo "Program ran for $duration seconds.\n";
echo "Insert time $insert seconds.\n";
echo "</pre>\n";

function query($str) {
    mysql_query($str);
    if (mysql_error()) {
        echo "$str: " . mysql_error() . "\n";
    }
}
?>

所以再次加入扛天。

关于sql - 您如何执行与联接的AND？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/599461/