Android系统提供了两种广播类型,一种是有序广播,一种是有序广播。
(1)无序广播是完全异步执行,发送广播时所有监听这个广播的广播接收者都会收到此消息,但接收的顺序不确定。
(2)有序广播是按照接收者的优先级接收,只有一个广播接收者能接收信息,在此广播接收者中逻辑执行完毕后,才会继续传递。
实验要求:通过sendOrderedBroadeast()发送一条有序广播
1.在activity-main.xml布局文件中代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:id="@+id/activity_main" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:background="@drawable/stitch_one" tools:context="cn.edu.bzu.orderedbroadcast.MainActivity"> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:onClick="send" android:layout_marginTop="50dp" android:text="发送有序广播" android:paddingLeft="5dp" android:paddingRight="5dp" android:background="#FFD202" android:textSize="20sp" /> </RelativeLayout>
2.在MainActivity中代码如下:
package cn.edu.bzu.orderedbroadcast; import android.content.Intent; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } public void send(View view){ Intent intent=new Intent(); //定义广播事件类型 intent.setAction("Intercept_Stitch"); //发送广播 sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null); } }
3.创建三个广播接收者
(1)MyBroadcastReceiverOne
(2)MyBroadcastReceiverTwo
(3)MyBroadcastReceiverThree
(1)在MyBroadcastReceiverOne中代码如下:
package cn.edu.bzu.orderedbroadcast; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.util.Log; public class MyBroadcastReceiverOne extends BroadcastReceiver { public MyBroadcastReceiverOne() { } @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Log.i("MyBroadcastReceiverOne","自定义的广播接收者one,接收到了广播事件"); } }
(2)在MyBroadcastReceiverTwo中代码如下:
package cn.edu.bzu.orderedbroadcast; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.util.Log; public class MyBroadcastReceiverTwo extends BroadcastReceiver { public MyBroadcastReceiverTwo() { } @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Log.i("MyBroadcastReceiverTwo","自定义的广播接收者Two,接收到了广播事件"); } }
(3)在MyBroadcastReceiverThree中代码如下:
package cn.edu.bzu.orderedbroadcast; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.util.Log; public class MyBroadcastReceiverThree extends BroadcastReceiver { public MyBroadcastReceiverThree() { } @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Log.i("MyBroadcastReceiverThree","自定义的广播接收者Three,接收到了广播事件"); } }
4.在配置文件AndroidManifest中代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="cn.edu.bzu.orderedbroadcast"> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:supportsRtl="true" android:theme="@style/AppTheme"> <activity android:name=".MainActivity"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiverOne"> <intent-filter android:priority="1000"> <action android:name="Intercept_Stitch"/> </intent-filter> </receiver> <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiverTwo"> <intent-filter android:priority="200"> <action android:name="Intercept_Stitch"/> </intent-filter> </receiver> <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiverThree"> <intent-filter android:priority="600"> <action android:name="Intercept_Stitch"/> </intent-filter> </receiver> </application> </manifest>
5.实验效果图:
运行程序后解决如下问题:
问题1:程序启动后,单击“发送有序广播”按钮,发出一条广播事件,此时观察LogCat窗口下的提示信息,输出什么?为什么?
点击按钮后出现如下图所示提示信息,原因是有序广播根据优先级接收广播信息的,在配置文件中广播接收者One的priority值最大,所以它先接收到广播,其次是Three,最后是Two。其中android:priority="值"是用来设置广播接收者的优先级的,值越大,优先级别越高。
问题2:若将广播接收者MyBroadcastReceiverTwo优先级同样设置为1000,并将MyBroadcastReceiverTwo注册在MyBroadcastReceiverOne前面,再来运行程序,观察结果,你能得出什么结论?
修改配置文件AndroidManifest中代码如下:
<receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiverTwo"> <intent-filter android:priority="1000"> <action android:name="Intercept_Stitch"/> </intent-filter> </receiver> <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiverOne"> <intent-filter android:priority="1000"> <action android:name="Intercept_Stitch"/> </intent-filter> </receiver> <receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiverThree"> <intent-filter android:priority="600"> <action android:name="Intercept_Stitch"/> </intent-filter> </receiver>
运行程序出现如下图所示提示信息,原因是当广播接收者的优先级别相同时,先注册的广播接收者先接收到广播。
问题3:修改MyBroadcastReceiverTwo如下,观察结果,你又可以得出什么结论?
public class MyBroadcastReceiverTwo extends BroadcastReceiver { public MyBroadcastReceiverTwo() { } @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Log.i("MyBroadcastReceiverTwo","自定义的广播接收者Two,接收到了广播事件"); abortBroadcast();//有序广播拦截器 Log.i("MyBroadcastReceiverTwo","我是广播接收者Two,广播被我终止了"); } }
运行程序出现如下图所示提示信息,原因是广播接收者Two的优先级最高,所以在Two中写一个拦截器,优先级低的广播接收者将接收不到广播信息,所以One和Three没有接收到广播事件,也就没有打印关于它们的信息。
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