这是一个“二十一点模拟器”程序的代码示例，给出了一些百分比，并绘制了它们。我包括了一切的三个主要部分，您可以看到数据结构。我相信其余的代码与我的问题无关。该脚本运行良好。除非我将范围设置得太高（要处理多少双鞋子，多少次），运行大约一小时后（RAM以3MB /秒的速度消耗掉），否则该过程将被终止。我尝试使用pympler和内置的sys模块进行测试，但是我无法发现它实际上消耗了内存的任何原因。任何帮助/建议，将不胜感激。
import datetime
from random import choice
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import PdfPages
class Rules(object):
"""a dictionary of dictionaries describing the drawing rules in certain situations"""
def __init__(self):
self.rules = { 2:{"5":"H", "6":"H", "7":"H", "8":"H", "9":"H", "10":"D", "11":"D", "12":"H", "13":"S", "14":"S", "15":"S", "16":"S", "17":"S", "18":"S", "19":"S", "20":"S", "21":"S", "A2":"H", "A3":"H", "A4":"H", "A5":"H", "A6":"H", "A7":"S", "A8":"S", "A9":"S", "A10":"S","D2":"SP", "D3":"SP", "D4":"H", "D5":"D","D6":"SP", "D7":"SP", "D8":"SP", "D9":"SP", "D10":"S", "D11":"SP" },
3:{"5":"H", "6":"H", "7":"H", "8":"H", "9":"D", "10":"D", "11":"D", "12":"H", "13":"S", "14":"S", "15":"S", "16":"S", "17":"S", "18":"S", "19":"S", "20":"S", "21":"S", "A2":"H", "A3":"H", "A4":"H", "A5":"H", "A6":"D", "A7":"D", "A8":"S", "A9":"S", "A10":"S","D2":"SP", "D3":"SP", "D4":"H", "D5":"D","D6":"SP", "D7":"SP", "D8":"SP", "D9":"SP", "D10":"S", "D11":"SP" },
4:{"5":"H", "6":"H", "7":"H", "8":"H", "9":"D", "10":"D", "11":"D", "12":"S", "13":"S", "14":"S", "15":"S", "16":"S", "17":"S", "18":"S", "19":"S", "20":"S", "21":"S", "A2":"H", "A3":"H", "A4":"D", "A5":"D", "A6":"D", "A7":"D", "A8":"S", "A9":"S", "A10":"S","D2":"SP", "D3":"SP", "D4":"H", "D5":"D","D6":"SP", "D7":"SP", "D8":"SP", "D9":"SP", "D10":"S", "D11":"SP" },
5:{"5":"H", "6":"H", "7":"H", "8":"H", "9":"D", "10":"D", "11":"D", "12":"S", "13":"S", "14":"S", "15":"S", "16":"S", "17":"S", "18":"S", "19":"S", "20":"S", "21":"S", "A2":"D", "A3":"D", "A4":"D", "A5":"D", "A6":"D", "A7":"D", "A8":"S", "A9":"S", "A10":"S","D2":"SP", "D3":"SP", "D4":"SP", "D5":"D","D6":"SP", "D7":"SP", "D8":"SP", "D9":"SP", "D10":"S", "D11":"SP" },
6:{"5":"H", "6":"H", "7":"H", "8":"H", "9":"D", "10":"D", "11":"D", "12":"S", "13":"S", "14":"S", "15":"S", "16":"S", "17":"S", "18":"S", "19":"S", "20":"S", "21":"S", "A2":"D", "A3":"D", "A4":"D", "A5":"D", "A6":"D", "A7":"D", "A8":"S", "A9":"S", "A10":"S","D2":"SP", "D3":"SP", "D4":"SP", "D5":"D","D6":"SP", "D7":"SP", "D8":"SP", "D9":"SP", "D10":"S", "D11":"SP" },
7:{"5":"H", "6":"H", "7":"H", "8":"H", "9":"H", "10":"D", "11":"D", "12":"H", "13":"H", "14":"H", "15":"H", "16":"H", "17":"S", "18":"S", "19":"S", "20":"S", "21":"S", "A2":"H", "A3":"H", "A4":"H", "A5":"H", "A6":"H", "A7":"S", "A8":"S", "A9":"S", "A10":"S","D2":"SP", "D3":"SP", "D4":"H", "D5":"D","D6":"H", "D7":"SP", "D8":"SP", "D9":"S", "D10":"S", "D11":"SP" },
8:{"5":"H", "6":"H", "7":"H", "8":"H", "9":"H", "10":"D", "11":"D", "12":"H", "13":"H", "14":"H", "15":"H", "16":"H", "17":"S", "18":"S", "19":"S", "20":"S", "21":"S", "A2":"H", "A3":"H", "A4":"H", "A5":"H", "A6":"H", "A7":"S", "A8":"S", "A9":"S", "A10":"S","D2":"H", "D3":"H", "D4":"H", "D5":"D","D6":"H", "D7":"H", "D8":"SP", "D9":"SP", "D10":"S", "D11":"SP" },
9:{"5":"H", "6":"H", "7":"H", "8":"H", "9":"H", "10":"D", "11":"D", "12":"H", "13":"H", "14":"H", "15":"H", "16":"H", "17":"S", "18":"S", "19":"S", "20":"S", "21":"S", "A2":"H", "A3":"H", "A4":"H", "A5":"H", "A6":"H", "A7":"H", "A8":"S", "A9":"S", "A10":"S","D2":"H", "D3":"H", "D4":"H", "D5":"D","D6":"H", "D7":"H", "D8":"SP", "D9":"SP", "D10":"S", "D11":"SP" },
10:{"5":"H", "6":"H", "7":"H", "8":"H", "9":"H", "10":"H", "11":"H", "12":"H", "13":"H", "14":"H", "15":"H", "16":"H", "17":"S", "18":"S", "19":"S", "20":"S", "21":"S", "A2":"H", "A3":"H", "A4":"H", "A5":"H", "A6":"H", "A7":"H", "A8":"S", "A9":"S", "A10":"S","D2":"H", "D3":"H", "D4":"H", "D5":"H","D6":"H", "D7":"H", "D8":"H", "D9":"S", "D10":"S", "D11":"SP" },
11:{"5":"H", "6":"H", "7":"H", "8":"H", "9":"H", "10":"H", "11":"H", "12":"H", "13":"H", "14":"H", "15":"H", "16":"H", "17":"S", "18":"S", "19":"S", "20":"S", "21":"S", "A2":"H", "A3":"H", "A4":"H", "A5":"H", "A6":"H", "A7":"H", "A8":"S", "A9":"S", "A10":"S","D2":"H", "D3":"H", "D4":"H", "D5":"H","D6":"H", "D7":"H", "D8":"H", "D9":"S", "D10":"S", "D11":"H" }
}
def lookup(self, bank_val, player_str): #!!!! bank_val > int , player_str > str
return self.rules[bank_val][player_str]
class Deck(object):
"""4*13 cards"""
def __init__(self):
self.cards = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11]
self.onedeck = []
for decks in range(0, 4):
self.onedeck[len(self.onedeck):]=self.cards
class Shoe(Deck):
"""this shoe contains 6 decks (312 cards)
--todo: set number of decks as a parameter"""
def __init__(self):
deck = Deck()
self.handcounter = 0
self.decks=[]
for i in range (0, 6):
self.decks[len(self.decks):]=deck.onedeck
class Money(object):
"""acts as our wallet,doesnt change after we start a new shoe. works with a single parameter,the start amount of money"""
def __init__(self, money):
self.money = money
self.moneylist = []
self.handlist = []
def display(self):
return self.money
def lose(self, m, shoe):
self.money = self.money - m
self.moneylist.append(self.money)
self.handlist.append(shoe.handcounter)
def win(self, m, shoe):
self.money = self.money + m
self.moneylist.append(self.money)
self.handlist.append(shoe.handcounter)
def zero(self):
self.money = 0
def money_eval(dic_player, dic_bank, shoe):
"""decides who wins,and how much in every situation, once the hand finished"""
bank_val=sum(dic_bank["bank"])
#current = shoe.money
for key, value in dic_player.iteritems():
for i in range(len(value)):
shoe.handcounter += 1
if value[i].count("D")<1:
multi =1
else:
value[i].pop()
multi = 2
if len(value[i])==2 and sum(value[i])==21:
multi=1.5
if multi==1 and sum(value[i])>21:
money.lose(multi, shoe)
#print "lost ", multi," ", sum(value[i]), " vs ", bank_val
elif multi==1 and sum(value[i])<=21 and bank_val > 21:
money.win(multi, shoe)
#print "won ", multi," ", sum(value[i]), " vs ", bank_val
elif multi==1 and sum(value[i])<=21 and bank_val <= 21 and sum(value[i])>bank_val:
money.win(multi, shoe)
#print "won ", multi," ", sum(value[i]), " vs ", bank_val
elif multi==1 and len(dic_bank["bank"])>2 and sum(value[i])<=21 and bank_val <= 21 and sum(value[i])<bank_val:
money.lose(multi, shoe)
#print "lost ", multi," ", sum(value[i]), " vs ", bank_val
elif multi==1.5 and len(dic_bank["bank"])>2:
money.win(multi, shoe)
#print "BJ won ", multi," ", sum(value[i]), " vs ", bank_val
elif multi==1 and len(dic_bank["bank"])==2 and bank_val==21:
money.lose(multi, shoe)
#print "lost against BJ", multi," ", sum(value[i]), " vs ", bank_val
else:
pass
#print "draw!"
return
def lngth(shoe):
"""how many cards are still in the current shoe"""
return len(shoe.decks)
def deal_next_card(shoe, list):
"""the random process where a card is selected from the remaining ones,and put in a certain list"""
card=choice(shoe.decks)
list.append(card)
shoe.decks.remove(card)
def construct_player_str(list):
"""translates the players hand into readable categories for Rules.lookup"""
if list[0]==list[1]:
return "D"+str(list[0])
elif list[0]==11 or list[1]==11:
return "A"+str(list[0]+list[1]-11)
else:
return str(list[0]+list[1])
def deal_a_hand(shoe, playerboxes=1):
"""the process of dealing a single hand"""
dic_player = { "hand" + str(i ) : [] for i in range(int(playerboxes)) }
dic_bank = { "bank" : []}
for key in dic_player.keys(): #deal first cards
tmp_list1=[]
deal_next_card(shoe,tmp_list1)
dic_player[key] =[tmp_list1]
deal_next_card(shoe, dic_bank["bank"]) #deal to bank
for key in dic_player.keys(): #deal second cards
deal_next_card(shoe,dic_player[key][0])
for key in dic_player.keys():
review_player_options(dic_player, key, shoe,dic_bank) #all splitting and doubling first
draw_bank_cards(dic_bank, shoe)
money_eval(dic_player, dic_bank, shoe)
shoe.handcounter=shoe.handcounter+1
return
def split(dic_player,key, shoe, dic_bank):
for tosplit in dic_player[key]:
rule = rules.lookup(dic_bank["bank"][0], construct_player_str(tosplit))
if tosplit[0]==tosplit[1] and rule == "SP":
tmp0=[tosplit[0]]
tmp1=[tosplit[1]]
deal_next_card(shoe, tmp0)
deal_next_card(shoe, tmp1)
#print "splitting:", tmp0, tmp1
dic_player[key].remove(tosplit)
dic_player[key].append(tmp0)
dic_player[key].append(tmp1)
return 1
def has_splittable(dic_player, key, dic_bank):
for hands in dic_player[key]:
if hands[0]==hands[1] and rules.lookup(dic_bank["bank"][0], construct_player_str(hands)) == "SP":
return 1
return 0
def has_doubleable(dic_player, key, dic_bank):
for hands in dic_player[key]:
if hands.count("D")<1 and rules.lookup(dic_bank["bank"][0], construct_player_str(hands)) == "D":
return 1
return 0
def double(dic_player, key, shoe, dic_bank):
for todbl in dic_player[key]:
if len(todbl)<3 and rules.lookup(dic_bank["bank"][0], construct_player_str(todbl)) == "D":
deal_next_card(shoe, todbl)
todbl.append("D")
return
def draw_player_cards(dic_player, key, shoe):
"""once all the splitting and doubling done,draws all the remaining cards to the unfinished hands of the player boxes,not forgetting the optional techniqe to count an Ace as 1. 0 at the end of the list is signalling the Bust."""
for hands in dic_player[key]:
if hands.count("D")<1:
while sum(hands)<17 and hands.count(0)<1:
deal_next_card(shoe, hands)
if sum(hands)>21:
if hands.count(11)>0:
hands.remove(11)
hands.append(1)
else:
hands.append(0)
def draw_bank_cards(dic_bank, shoe):
"""similar to draw_player_cards"""
while sum(dic_bank["bank"])<17 and dic_bank["bank"].count(0)<1:
deal_next_card(shoe, dic_bank["bank"])
if sum(dic_bank["bank"])>21:
if dic_bank["bank"].count(11)>0:
dic_bank["bank"].remove(11)
dic_bank["bank"].append(1)
else:
dic_bank["bank"].append(0)
def review_player_options(dic_player, key, shoe, dic_bank):
"""first all the splits,next the doubles,and the rest"""
while has_splittable(dic_player, key, dic_bank):
split(dic_player, key, shoe, dic_bank)
while has_doubleable(dic_player, key, dic_bank):
#print "D D D", dic_player[key]
double(dic_player, key, shoe, dic_bank)
draw_player_cards(dic_player, key, shoe)
def compute():
sum_money = []
sum_handcounter = []
Shoes= [ Shoe() for i in range(1000) ] # how many shoes
for i in Shoes:
if (Shoes.index(i)%100==0):
print Shoes.index(i)
while lngth(i)>52:
deal_a_hand(i, 2)
sum_money.append(money.display())
sum_handcounter.append(len(sum_money))
percents.append(-1*sum_money[-1]/sum_handcounter[-1]*100)
money.zero()
percents = []
money = Money(0)
rules = Rules()
times=range(1000)
for i in times:
print '<<starting the '+str(i+1)+'th set of shoes of '+str(len(times)-1)+'>>'
compute()
print percents
dt = str(datetime.datetime.now())
datedfilename = 'bjresults_'+dt+'.pdf'
pdf = PdfPages(datedfilename)
plot = plt.hist(percents, 3000)
plt.savefig(pdf, format='pdf')
plt.close()
pdf.close()
#plot.savefig('lol.png')
#plt.show()
最佳答案
程序崩溃的原因是您根本没有考虑内存管理。如果要尝试快速解决方案，则不应创建Shoe对象的列表，也许
for i in range(1000):
Shoe = Shoe()
#Do stuff
要么
for i in (Shoe() for s in range(1000)):
#Do stuff
..将在生成Shoe对象时生成它们的生成器，而不预先分配所有对象。
您的Shoe and Deck对象互动是可怕的和不必要的。您需要使用super（）方法。完成对象的处理后（将其统计信息附加到列表之后），请使用del（）方法手动删除它；而不是依靠垃圾回收。
乍一看，您的代码占用了太多内存，因为您没有正确使用对象。仅仅因为Python可以在语法上处理您的程序，并不意味着它在“正确地”运行。在处理规模时（在这种情况下，是不同卡组的迭代），您需要更加警惕对象的创建方式和内存分配方式。与其使用太多的类（对象）结构，不如将生成器（产量）或函数作为类使用具有内部方法的类，这些内部方法充当reduce（）方法上的函数数组。
while ratio_generator():
generators = [
file_id_generator(),
types_generator(),
date_generator(),
names_generator(),
folder_generator(),
content_generator(),
id_chain_generator(),
]
dynamics = [
get_datetime,
get_code_status,
]
statics = [
self.today,
self.test_id,
self.author
]
yield flatten([x for x in statics], [x() for x in dynamics], [next(x) for x in generators])
过滤，贴图，缩小可能是您最好的新朋友，而不是使用大量静态查找。
祝好运。