如果要列出 list ,请说:
lst = ['foo', 'bar', '!test', 'hello', 'world!', 'word']
使用
!
字符,我如何返回给定的列表:lst = ['foo', 'bar', ['test', 'hello', 'world'], 'word']
我在为此找到解决方案时遇到了一些困难。这是我尝试过的一种方法:
def define(lst):
for index, item in enumerate(lst):
if item[0] == '!' and lst[index+2][-1] == '!':
temp = lst[index:index+3]
del lst[index+1:index+2]
lst[index] = temp
return lst
任何帮助将不胜感激。
最佳答案
假设没有像!
这样以'!foo!'
开头和结尾的元素。
首先,我们可以编写如下的辅助谓词
def is_starting_element(element):
return element.startswith('!')
def is_ending_element(element):
return element.endswith('!')
然后我们可以写generator-function(因为它们很棒)
def walk(elements):
elements = iter(elements) # making iterator from passed iterable
for position, element in enumerate(elements):
if is_starting_element(element):
yield [element[1:], *walk(elements)]
elif is_ending_element(element):
yield element[:-1]
return
else:
yield element
测试:
>>> lst = ['foo', 'bar', '!test', 'hello', 'world!', 'word']
>>> list(walk(lst))
['foo', 'bar', ['test', 'hello', 'world'], 'word']
>>> lst = ['foo', 'bar', '!test', '!hello', 'world!', 'word!']
>>> list(walk(lst))
['foo', 'bar', ['test', ['hello', 'world'], 'word']]
>>> lst = ['hello!', 'world!']
>>> list(walk(lst))
['hello']
从上一个示例中可以看出,如果关闭元素的数量大于打开元素的数量,则剩余的关闭元素将被忽略(这是因为我们是从generator生成的
return
编码)。因此,如果lst
具有无效的签名(开始元素和结束元素之间的差不等于0),那么我们可能会有一些不可预测的行为。作为这种情况的一种解决方法,我们可以在处理之前验证给定的数据,如果数据无效,则引发错误。我们可以这样写验证器
def validate_elements(elements):
def get_sign(element):
if is_starting_element(element):
return 1
elif is_ending_element(element):
return -1
else:
return 0
signature = sum(map(get_sign, elements))
are_elements_valid = signature == 0
if not are_elements_valid:
error_message = 'Data is invalid: '
if signature > 0:
error_message += ('there are more opening elements '
'than closing ones.')
else:
error_message += ('there are more closing elements '
'than opening ones.')
raise ValueError(error_message)
测验
>>> lst = ['!hello', 'world!']
>>> validate_elements(lst) # no exception raised, data is valid
>>> lst = ['!hello', '!world']
>>> validate_elements(lst)
...
ValueError: Data is invalid: there are more opening elements than closing ones.
>>> lst = ['hello!', 'world!']
>>> validate_elements(lst)
...
ValueError: Data is invalid: there are more closing elements than opening ones.
最后,我们可以编写带有验证的函数,例如
def to_sublists(elements):
validate_elements(elements)
return list(walk(elements))
测验
>>> lst = ['foo', 'bar', '!test', 'hello', 'world!', 'word']
>>> to_sublists(lst)
['foo', 'bar', ['test', 'hello', 'world'], 'word']
>>> lst = ['foo', 'bar', '!test', '!hello', 'world!', 'word!']
>>> to_sublists(lst)
['foo', 'bar', ['test', ['hello', 'world'], 'word']]
>>> lst = ['hello!', 'world!']
>>> to_sublists(lst)
...
ValueError: Data is invalid: there are more closing elements than opening ones.
编辑
如果我们要处理以
!
之类的'!bar!'
开头和结尾的元素,我们可以使用 walk
修改itertools.chain
函数,例如from itertools import chain
def walk(elements):
elements = iter(elements)
for position, element in enumerate(elements):
if is_starting_element(element):
yield list(walk(chain([element[1:]], elements)))
elif is_ending_element(element):
element = element[:-1]
yield element
return
else:
yield element
我们还需要通过修改
get_sign
函数来完成验证def get_sign(element):
if is_starting_element(element):
if is_ending_element(element):
return 0
return 1
if is_ending_element(element):
return -1
return 0
测验
>>> lst = ['foo', 'bar', '!test', '!baz!', 'hello', 'world!', 'word']
>>> to_sublists(lst)
['foo', 'bar', ['test', ['baz'], 'hello', 'world'], 'word']