我正在尝试测试一些使用boto的python代码。我宁愿不尝试对AWS进行集成测试，因此我试图用moto模拟它，并且它的表现不符合我的预期。
这是测试代码:
import io
import boto3
from moto import mock_ec2
from unittest.mock import patch
from argparse import Namespace
from awswl import commands
@mock_ec2
@patch('awswl.externalip.get_external_ip', return_value='192.0.2.1')
def test_list_command_lists_ipv4_and_ipv6_cidrs(exip_method):
# Given
options = Namespace()
options.sgid = "sg-123456"
ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2')
sg = ec2.create_security_group(
Description='Security Group for SSH Whitelisting',
GroupName='SSH Whitelist'
)
print("Created security group: {0}".format(sg.GroupId))
错误:
Testing started at 16:46 ...
/path/.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/bin/python "/path/Library/Application Support/JetBrains/Toolbox/apps/PyCharm-P/ch-0/173.4301.16/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pycharm/_jb_pytest_runner.py" --target test_commands.py::test_list_command_lists_ipv4_and_ipv6_cidrs
Launching py.test with arguments test_commands.py::test_list_command_lists_ipv4_and_ipv6_cidrs in /path/awswl/tests
============================= test session starts ==============================
platform darwin -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-3.4.2, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.6.0
rootdir: /path/awswl, inifile:
collected 1 item
test_commands.py F
tests/test_commands.py:22 (test_list_command_lists_ipv4_and_ipv6_cidrs)
exip_method = <MagicMock name='get_external_ip' id='4547595848'>
@mock_ec2
@patch('awswl.externalip.get_external_ip', return_value='192.0.2.1')
def test_list_command_lists_ipv4_and_ipv6_cidrs(exip_method):
# Given
options = Namespace()
options.sgid = "sg-123456"
> ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2')
test_commands.py:30:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/boto3/__init__.py:92: in resource
return _get_default_session().resource(*args, **kwargs)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/boto3/session.py:389: in resource
aws_session_token=aws_session_token, config=config)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/boto3/session.py:263: in client
aws_session_token=aws_session_token, config=config)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/session.py:861: in create_client
client_config=config, api_version=api_version)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/client.py:76: in create_client
verify, credentials, scoped_config, client_config, endpoint_bridge)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/client.py:285: in _get_client_args
verify, credentials, scoped_config, client_config, endpoint_bridge)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/args.py:45: in get_client_args
endpoint_url, is_secure, scoped_config)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/args.py:111: in compute_client_args
service_name, region_name, endpoint_url, is_secure)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/client.py:358: in resolve
service_name, region_name)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/regions.py:122: in construct_endpoint
partition, service_name, region_name)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
self = <botocore.regions.EndpointResolver object at 0x10f1a3908>
partition = OrderedDict([('defaults', OrderedDict([('hostname', '{service}.{region}.{dnsSuffix}'), ('protocols', ['https']), ('sig...1', OrderedDict()), ('us-east-2', OrderedDict()), ('us-west-1', OrderedDict()), ('us-west-2', OrderedDict())]))]))]))])
service_name = 'ec2', region_name = None
def _endpoint_for_partition(self, partition, service_name, region_name):
# Get the service from the partition, or an empty template.
service_data = partition['services'].get(
service_name, DEFAULT_SERVICE_DATA)
# Use the partition endpoint if no region is supplied.
if region_name is None:
if 'partitionEndpoint' in service_data:
region_name = service_data['partitionEndpoint']
else:
> raise NoRegionError()
E botocore.exceptions.NoRegionError: You must specify a region.
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/regions.py:135: NoRegionError
[100%]
=================================== FAILURES ===================================
_________________ test_list_command_lists_ipv4_and_ipv6_cidrs __________________
exip_method = <MagicMock name='get_external_ip' id='4547595848'>
@mock_ec2
@patch('awswl.externalip.get_external_ip', return_value='192.0.2.1')
def test_list_command_lists_ipv4_and_ipv6_cidrs(exip_method):
# Given
options = Namespace()
options.sgid = "sg-123456"
> ec2 = boto3.resource('ec2')
test_commands.py:30:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/boto3/__init__.py:92: in resource
return _get_default_session().resource(*args, **kwargs)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/boto3/session.py:389: in resource
aws_session_token=aws_session_token, config=config)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/boto3/session.py:263: in client
aws_session_token=aws_session_token, config=config)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/session.py:861: in create_client
client_config=config, api_version=api_version)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/client.py:76: in create_client
verify, credentials, scoped_config, client_config, endpoint_bridge)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/client.py:285: in _get_client_args
verify, credentials, scoped_config, client_config, endpoint_bridge)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/args.py:45: in get_client_args
endpoint_url, is_secure, scoped_config)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/args.py:111: in compute_client_args
service_name, region_name, endpoint_url, is_secure)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/client.py:358: in resolve
service_name, region_name)
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/regions.py:122: in construct_endpoint
partition, service_name, region_name)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
self = <botocore.regions.EndpointResolver object at 0x10f1a3908>
partition = OrderedDict([('defaults', OrderedDict([('hostname', '{service}.{region}.{dnsSuffix}'), ('protocols', ['https']), ('sig...1', OrderedDict()), ('us-east-2', OrderedDict()), ('us-west-1', OrderedDict()), ('us-west-2', OrderedDict())]))]))]))])
service_name = 'ec2', region_name = None
def _endpoint_for_partition(self, partition, service_name, region_name):
# Get the service from the partition, or an empty template.
service_data = partition['services'].get(
service_name, DEFAULT_SERVICE_DATA)
# Use the partition endpoint if no region is supplied.
if region_name is None:
if 'partitionEndpoint' in service_data:
region_name = service_data['partitionEndpoint']
else:
> raise NoRegionError()
E botocore.exceptions.NoRegionError: You must specify a region.
../../../../../.virtualenvs/awswl-Ir8BWU8l/lib/python3.6/site-packages/botocore/regions.py:135: NoRegionError
=========================== 1 failed in 1.80 seconds ===========================
Process finished with exit code 0
好像是在调用boto，而不是用Moto模拟它，并且由于未指定区域/配置文件，因此出现了NoRegionError。
我究竟做错了什么？我以为是我，但是我还没弄清楚怎么做。 ;)
最佳答案
似乎是问题所在，因为测试输出指出，可能与在使用boto3创建资源时未指定任何区域有关。
从您的测试输出中:botocore.exceptions.NoRegionError: You must specify a region.
还要检查moto's tests，好像也总是在该区域中指定了区域。
只需使用示例区域初始化资源即可解决您的问题:
boto3.resource('ec2', region_name='eu-central-1')
关于python - 摩托不 mock EC2？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49224322/