strand::wrap() 的行为被定义为创建一个仿函数,在调用时将执行 strand::dispatch()。我最近在我们的一个应用程序中遇到了一个错误,它执行以下序列:

my_great_function(..., s.wrap(a), s.wrap(b));

应用程序保证 s.wrap(a) 创建的仿函数在 s.wrap(b) 之前被调用。但是,存在竞争条件,使得第一个仿函数在链外调用,因此被推迟调用,而第二个仿函数在 链内调用 并立即执行。这违反了应用程序在 a 之前的 b 排序假设,并导致了未定义的行为。

使用 strand::post() 而不是 strand::dispatch() 是解决此问题的一种方法,但没有像使用 strand.wrap() 那样简单的方法来完成此操作。我可以创建辅助函数来发布整个链,我想知道是否有更简单的方法?

最佳答案

关于为什么不存在 strand.wrapstrand.post 等价物的纯推测:

  • 我找不到任何人正式提出在功能请求中需要 strand.wrap() 等效项的案例。
  • 基于 strand.wrap() 最常见的用法,它可能是根据 strand.dispatch() 实现的,以优化组合操作的中间处理程序。可以在满足完成条件后立即调用用户的完成处理程序,而不必为延迟调用发布完成处理程序。


  • 最简单的解决方案可能是将链与 my_great_functiona 处理程序一起传递给 b。如果 my_great_function 需要特定的处理程序调用顺序,那么让 my_great_function 保证排序而不是将责任传递给调用者似乎是可以接受的,调用者可能会忽略必要的排序。另一方面,如果 my_great_function 相当通用,并且处理程序需要特定的调用顺序,那么考虑将处理程序一起传递到直接或间接暗示排序的结构中,例如 std::tuple

    虽然这些解决方案都没有提供一般可重用的解决方案,但它可能是最简单的解决方案。官方支持的解决方案是使用自定义处理程序类型,此外还提供通过 asio_handler_invoke 可用的 ADL 函数来说明操作的中间处理程序和完成处理程序。这是一个主要基于 detail/wrapped_handler.hpp 的完整示例:
    #include <iostream>
    
    #include <boost/asio.hpp>
    
    /// @brief Custom handler wrapper type that will post into its dispatcher.
    template <typename Dispatcher,
              typename Handler>
    class post_handler
    {
    public:
      typedef void result_type;
    
      post_handler(Dispatcher dispatcher, Handler handler)
        : dispatcher_(dispatcher),
          handler_(handler)
      {}
    
      void operator()()
      {
        dispatcher_.post(handler_);
      }
    
      template <typename Arg1>
      void operator()(Arg1 arg1)
      {
        dispatcher_.post(boost::bind(handler_, arg1));
      }
    
      template <typename Arg1, typename Arg2>
      void operator()(Arg1 arg1, Arg2 arg2)
      {
        dispatcher_.post(boost::bind(handler_, arg1, arg2));
      }
    
      Dispatcher dispatcher_;
      Handler handler_;
    };
    
    // Custom invocation hooks for post_handler.  These must be declared in
    // post_handler's associated namespace for proper resolution.
    
    template <typename Function, typename Dispatcher, typename Handler>
    inline void asio_handler_invoke(Function& function,
        post_handler<Dispatcher, Handler>* this_handler)
    {
      this_handler->dispatcher_.post(
          boost::asio::detail::rewrapped_handler<Function, Handler>(
            function, this_handler->handler_));
    }
    
    template <typename Function, typename Dispatcher, typename Handler>
    inline void asio_handler_invoke(const Function& function,
        post_handler<Dispatcher, Handler>* this_handler)
    {
      this_handler->dispatcher_.post(
          boost::asio::detail::rewrapped_handler<Function, Handler>(
            function, this_handler->handler_));
    }
    
    /// @brief Factory function used to create handlers that post through the
    ///        dispatcher.
    template <typename Dispatcher, typename Handler>
    post_handler<Dispatcher, Handler>
    wrap_post(Dispatcher dispatcher, Handler handler)
    {
      return post_handler<Dispatcher, Handler>(dispatcher, handler);
    }
    
    /// @brief Convenience factory function used to wrap handlers created from
    ///        strand.wrap.
    template <typename Dispatcher, typename Handler>
    post_handler<Dispatcher,
                 boost::asio::detail::wrapped_handler<Dispatcher, Handler> >
    wrap_post(boost::asio::detail::wrapped_handler<Dispatcher, Handler> handler)
    {
      return wrap_post(handler.dispatcher_, handler);
    }
    
    boost::asio::io_service io_service;
    boost::asio::strand strand(io_service);
    boost::asio::deadline_timer timer(io_service);
    
    void a() { std::cout << "a" << std::endl; }
    void b() { std::cout << "b" << std::endl; }
    void c() { std::cout << "c" << std::endl; }
    void d() { std::cout << "d" << std::endl; }
    void noop() {}
    
    void my_great_function()
    {
      std::cout << "++my_great_function++" << std::endl;
      // Standard dispatch.
      strand.dispatch(&a);
    
      // Direct wrapping.
      wrap_post(strand, &b)();
    
      // Convenience wrapping.
      wrap_post(strand.wrap(&c))();
    
      // ADL hooks.
      timer.async_wait(wrap_post(strand.wrap(boost::bind(&d))));
      timer.cancel();
      std::cout << "--my_great_function--" << std::endl;
    }
    
    int main()
    {
      // Execute my_great_function not within a strand.  The noop
      // is used to force handler invocation within strand.
      io_service.post(&my_great_function);
      strand.post(&noop);
      io_service.run();
      io_service.reset();
    
      // Execute my_great_function within a strand.
      std::cout << std::endl;
      io_service.post(strand.wrap(&my_great_function));
      strand.post(&noop);
      io_service.run();
    }
    

    产生以下输出:
    ++my_great_function++
    --my_great_function--
    a
    b
    c
    d
    
    ++my_great_function++
    a
    --my_great_function--
    b
    c
    d

    A slightly easier solution that depends on implementation details, is to adapt detail::wrapped_handler's Dispatcher type argument. This approach allows for wrapped_handlers with adapted Dispatcher types to be transparently used within the rest of Boost.Asio.

    /// @brief Class used to adapter the wrapped_handler's Dispatcher type
    ///        requirement to post handlers instead of dispatching handlers.
    template <typename Dispatcher>
    struct post_adapter
    {
      post_adapter(Dispatcher& dispatcher)
        : dispatcher_(dispatcher)
      {}
    
      template <typename Handler>
      void dispatch(const Handler& handler)
      {
        dispatcher_.post(handler);
      }
    
      Dispatcher dispatcher_;
    };
    
    /// @brief Factory function used to create handlers that post through an
    ///        adapted dispatcher.
    template <typename Dispatcher, typename Handler>
    boost::asio::detail::wrapped_handler<post_adapter<Dispatcher>, Handler>
    wrap_post(Dispatcher& dispatcher, Handler handler)
    {
      typedef post_adapter<Dispatcher> adapter_type;
      return boost::asio::detail::wrapped_handler<
        adapter_type, Handler>(adapter_type(dispatcher), handler);
    }
    
    /// @brief Convenience factory function used to wrap handlers created from
    ///        strand.wrap.
    template <typename Dispatcher, typename Handler>
    boost::asio::detail::wrapped_handler<
      post_adapter<Dispatcher>,
      boost::asio::detail::wrapped_handler<Dispatcher, Handler> >
    wrap_post(boost::asio::detail::wrapped_handler<Dispatcher, Handler> handler)
    {
      return wrap_post(handler.dispatcher_, handler);
    }
    

    两种 wrap_post 解决方案都可能引入与定义的 order of handler invocations 相关的复杂程度。

    10-08 11:30