python - 尽管安装了Django，但没有找到Pillow

Django很难找到枕头，但我不确定为什么。
环境
基于Linux Alpine的Docker镜像Django 2.2。以下是相关部分:
Dockerfile

RUN apk update \
    && apk add --virtual build-deps gcc python3-dev musl-dev jpeg-dev zlib-dev \
    && apk add --no-cache mariadb-dev mariadb-client

# install dependencies
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install pipenv
RUN pip install mysqlclient
COPY ./Pipfile /usr/src/cms/Pipfile
RUN pipenv install --skip-lock --system --dev
RUN apk del build-deps

Pipfile

[[source]]
name = "pypi"
url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
verify_ssl = true

[dev-packages]

[packages]
django = "==2.2"
markdown = "==3.1.1"
pillow = "==5.0.0"

[requires]
python_version = "3.6"

问题
从容器运行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000时，出现以下错误:

django.core.management.base.SystemCheckError: SystemCheckError: System check identified some issues:

ERRORS:
website.Photo.photo: (fields.E210) Cannot use ImageField because Pillow is not installed.
    HINT: Get Pillow at https://pypi.org/project/Pillow/ or run command "pip install Pillow".

这很奇怪，因为pip install Pillow给了我

Requirement already satisfied: Pillow in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (5.4.1)

关于Pillow与PIL的冲突
在查看/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages时，我注意到我同时拥有 PIL 和 Pillow 。这是:

冲突的来源(Pillow's documentation)非常明确地说明了需要卸载PIL

根据this discussion的建议使用枕头PIL来保持兼容性？

基于以下事实:i)pip uninstall PIL-> not installed ii)print(PIL.PILLOW_VERSION)-> pythont shell 中的5.0.0，并且iii)Django使用from PIL import Image source，我会假设2。因此，如果将Pillow安装在容器中，为什么Django无法找到它？
当前路径

>>> from PIL import Image
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PIL/Image.py", line 58, in <module>
    from . import _imaging as core
ImportError: Error loading shared library libjpeg.so.8: No such file or directory (needed by /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PIL/_imaging.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so)

我在Dockerfile中添加了jpeg-dev，但是，以某种方式，这似乎还不够。还在挖。感谢您提供任何线索

最佳答案

事实证明，jpeg-dev(编译所需)不足以满足执行期间的所有依赖关系。添加libjpeg解决了该问题。更新了 Dockerfile

# install mysqlclient
RUN apk update \
    && apk add --virtual build-deps gcc python3-dev musl-dev jpeg-dev zlib-dev \
    && apk add --no-cache mariadb-dev mariadb-client

# install dependencies
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install pipenv
RUN pip install mysqlclient
RUN apk add libjpeg      -------------> et voila
COPY ./Pipfile /usr/src/cms/Pipfile
RUN pipenv install --skip-lock --system --dev
RUN apk del build-deps

关于python - 尽管安装了Django，但没有找到Pillow，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56407216/