c++ - 如何使抛物线适合点集？

我有一些要点，如下图所示。所有点的位置都是已知的。我如何才能将抛物线拟合到这组点上，并获得抛物线方程(x, y)的新位置？

最佳答案

要实现二次曲线拟合并非易事(请检查末尾的第二个链接)。首先，您可以使用简单的线性回归，一旦您了解了原理(请检查末尾的第一个链接)，就可以将其应用于您的案例。

下面的代码是一个简单的实现，它将使您的数据(x, y)适合:y = m*x + b:
linear_regression.h:

#ifndef LINEAR_REGRESSION_H
#define LINEAR_REGRESSION_H
// data structure used as returning type of the function finding m and b
struct Coefficients {
    // constructor
    Coefficients (double mm, double bb)
        : m(mm), b(bb) { }

    // data members
    double m;
    double b;
};

// This function fits: y = mx + b, to your (x,y) data.
Coefficients linear_regression(const std::vector<double>& x,const std::vector<double>& y){
    // variables needed for the calculations
    double sum_x = 0.0;     double sum_y = 0.0;
    double sum_x2 = 0.0;    double sum_y2 = 0.0;
    double sum_xy = 0.0;

    double m = 0.0;         double b = 0.0;

    if (x.size() != y.size()) std::cerr << "Mismatched number of points!\n";
    double number_of_points = x.size();

    // calculate the sums
    for (size_t i = 0; i < number_of_points; ++i) {
        sum_x  += x[i];
        sum_y  += y[i];
        sum_x2 += std::sqrt(x[i]);
        sum_y2 += std::sqrt(y[i]);
        sum_xy += x[i] * y[i];
    }
    double denominator = number_of_points * sum_x2 - std::sqrt(sum_x);

    // no solution, return: m = 0, b = 0
    if (denominator == 0) return Coefficients(m, b);

    // calculate the slope: m and the intercept: b
    m = (number_of_points * sum_xy - sum_x * sum_y) / denominator;
    b = (sum_y * sum_x2 - sum_x * sum_xy) / denominator;

    return Coefficients (m, b);
}
#endif

main.cpp:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "linear_regression.h"


int main () {
    // vectors holding the set of points
    std::vector<double> x_points;
    std::vector<double> y_points;

    Coefficients coeff = linear_regression (x_points, y_points);

    // where: y = m * x + b
    double m = coeff.m;
    double b = coeff.b;
}

在这里，有关the method of Linear Regression和Least Squares Regression for Quadratic Curve Fitting的更多信息。