items.py
import scrapy import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") class SinaItem(scrapy.Item): # 大类的标题 和 url parentTitle = scrapy.Field() parentUrls = scrapy.Field() # 小类的标题 和 子url subTitle = scrapy.Field() subUrls = scrapy.Field() # 小类目录存储路径 subFilename = scrapy.Field() # 小类下的子链接 sonUrls = scrapy.Field() # 文章标题和内容 head = scrapy.Field() content = scrapy.Field()
spiders/sina.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from Sina.items import SinaItem import scrapy import os import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") class SinaSpider(scrapy.Spider): name= "sina" allowed_domains= ["sina.com.cn"] start_urls= [ "http://news.sina.com.cn/guide/" ] def parse(self, response): items= [] # 所有大类的url 和 标题 parentUrls = response.xpath('//div[@id=\"tab01\"]/div/h3/a/@href').extract() parentTitle = response.xpath("//div[@id=\"tab01\"]/div/h3/a/text()").extract() # 所有小类的ur 和 标题 subUrls = response.xpath('//div[@id=\"tab01\"]/div/ul/li/a/@href').extract() subTitle = response.xpath('//div[@id=\"tab01\"]/div/ul/li/a/text()').extract() #爬取所有大类 for i in range(0, len(parentTitle)): # 指定大类目录的路径和目录名 parentFilename = "./Data/" + parentTitle[i] #如果目录不存在，则创建目录 if(not os.path.exists(parentFilename)): os.makedirs(parentFilename) # 爬取所有小类 for j in range(0, len(subUrls)): item = SinaItem() # 保存大类的title和urls item['parentTitle'] = parentTitle[i] item['parentUrls'] = parentUrls[i] # 检查小类的url是否以同类别大类url开头，如果是返回True (sports.sina.com.cn 和 sports.sina.com.cn/nba) if_belong = subUrls[j].startswith(item['parentUrls']) # 如果属于本大类，将存储目录放在本大类目录下 if(if_belong): subFilename =parentFilename + '/'+ subTitle[j] # 如果目录不存在，则创建目录 if(not os.path.exists(subFilename)): os.makedirs(subFilename) # 存储 小类url、title和filename字段数据 item['subUrls'] = subUrls[j] item['subTitle'] =subTitle[j] item['subFilename'] = subFilename items.append(item) #发送每个小类url的Request请求，得到Response连同包含meta数据 一同交给回调函数 second_parse 方法处理 for item in items: yield scrapy.Request( url = item['subUrls'], meta={'meta_1': item}, callback=self.second_parse) #对于返回的小类的url，再进行递归请求 def second_parse(self, response): # 提取每次Response的meta数据 meta_1= response.meta['meta_1'] # 取出小类里所有子链接 sonUrls = response.xpath('//a/@href').extract() items= [] for i in range(0, len(sonUrls)): # 检查每个链接是否以大类url开头、以.shtml结尾，如果是返回True if_belong = sonUrls[i].endswith('.shtml') and sonUrls[i].startswith(meta_1['parentUrls']) # 如果属于本大类，获取字段值放在同一个item下便于传输 if(if_belong): item = SinaItem() item['parentTitle'] =meta_1['parentTitle'] item['parentUrls'] =meta_1['parentUrls'] item['subUrls'] = meta_1['subUrls'] item['subTitle'] = meta_1['subTitle'] item['subFilename'] = meta_1['subFilename'] item['sonUrls'] = sonUrls[i] items.append(item) #发送每个小类下子链接url的Request请求，得到Response后连同包含meta数据 一同交给回调函数 detail_parse 方法处理 for item in items: yield scrapy.Request(url=item['sonUrls'], meta={'meta_2':item}, callback = self.detail_parse) # 数据解析方法，获取文章标题和内容 def detail_parse(self, response): item = response.meta['meta_2'] content = "" head = response.xpath('//h1[@id=\"main_title\"]/text()') content_list = response.xpath('//div[@id=\"artibody\"]/p/text()').extract() # 将p标签里的文本内容合并到一起 for content_one in content_list: content += content_one item['head']= head item['content']= content yield item
pipelines.py
from scrapy import signals import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") class SinaPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): sonUrls = item['sonUrls'] # 文件名为子链接url中间部分，并将 / 替换为 _，保存为 .txt格式 filename = sonUrls[7:-6].replace('/','_') filename += ".txt" fp = open(item['subFilename']+'/'+filename, 'w') fp.write(item['content']) fp.close() return item
settings.py
BOT_NAME = 'Sina' SPIDER_MODULES = ['Sina.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'Sina.spiders' ITEM_PIPELINES = { 'Sina.pipelines.SinaPipeline': 300, } LOG_LEVEL = 'DEBUG'
在项目根目录下新建main.py文件,用于调试，或者直接命令行输入：scrapy crawl sina
from scrapy import cmdline cmdline.execute('scrapy crawl sina'.split())
执行程序
py2 main.py
效果：