python - 从几列中获取最新的观测值和日期

采取以下玩具DataFrame:

data = np.arange(35, dtype=np.float32).reshape(7, 5)
data = pd.concat((
    pd.DataFrame(list('abcdefg'), columns=['field1']),
    pd.DataFrame(data, columns=['field2', '2014', '2015', '2016', '2017'])),
    axis=1)

data.iloc[1:4, 4:] = np.nan
data.iloc[4, 3:] = np.nan

print(data)
  field1  field2  2014  2015  2016  2017
0      a     0.0   1.0   2.0   3.0   4.0
1      b     5.0   6.0   7.0   NaN   NaN
2      c    10.0  11.0  12.0   NaN   NaN
3      d    15.0  16.0  17.0   NaN   NaN
4      e    20.0  21.0   NaN   NaN   NaN
5      f    25.0  26.0  27.0  28.0  29.0
6      g    30.0  31.0  32.0  33.0  34.0

我想用两个字段替换“year”列(2014-2017):最近的非空观测值，以及该观测值的对应年份。假设field1是唯一键。 (我不想进行任何groupby操作，每条记录仅行1行。)即:

  field1  field2   obs  date
0      a     0.0   4.0  2017
1      b     5.0   7.0  2015
2      c    10.0  12.0  2015
3      d    15.0  17.0  2015
4      e    20.0  21.0  2014
5      f    25.0  29.0  2017
6      g    30.0  34.0  2017

我已经走了这么远:

pd.melt(data, id_vars=['field1', 'field2'],
        value_vars=['2014', '2015', '2016', '2017'])\
    .dropna(subset=['value'])

   field1  field2 variable  value
0       a     0.0     2014    1.0
1       b     5.0     2014    6.0
2       c    10.0     2014   11.0
3       d    15.0     2014   16.0
4       e    20.0     2014   21.0
5       f    25.0     2014   26.0
6       g    30.0     2014   31.0
# ...

但是，我在如何改回所需的格式方面颇为挣扎。

最佳答案

也许:

d2 = data.melt(id_vars=["field1", "field2"], var_name="date", value_name="obs").dropna(subset=["obs"])
d2["date"] = d2["date"].astype(int)
df = d2.loc[d2.groupby(["field1", "field2"])["date"].idxmax()]

这给了我

   field1  field2  date   obs
21      a     0.0  2017   4.0
8       b     5.0  2015   7.0
9       c    10.0  2015  12.0
10      d    15.0  2015  17.0
4       e    20.0  2014  21.0
26      f    25.0  2017  29.0
27      g    30.0  2017  34.0