请帮助我解决这个分为两部分的问题。这是第一部分:
(第2部分:自从-需求已更改
位。)
我正在尝试用Java实现图书馆员问题。 Wikipedia上的Semaphore page提供了信号量库的类比。在第一部分中,我试图为这个问题建模。就我而言,我使用的是[主题专家]而不是房间作为资源。
假设一个图书馆有10个相同的学习室,打算一次供一个学生使用。为避免纠纷,如果学生想使用自修室,必须向前台索取房间。当学生使用完一个房间后,必须返回柜台并指出其中一个房间已经免费。如果没有空余的房间,学生们将在柜台前等待,直到有人放弃房间。
由于房间是相同的,前台的图书管理员不会跟踪哪个房间被占用,只会跟踪可用的免费房间数。当学生要求一个房间时,图书馆员会减少这个数字。当学生放出房间时,图书馆员会增加这个数字。一旦准许进入房间,该房间就可以使用所需的长时间,因此不可能提前预订房间。
我在实施过程中面临的问题是有关学生与主题专家的关联。在接下来的 class 中,您将如何做? SubjectMatterExpert
需要做的只是打印学生ID(目前)。
第2部分:新要求:
-有固定数量的学生,中小企业和书橱
-学生一开始有一定数量的书籍(目前,书籍只是数字)
-中小企业应学生的要求从Boook壁橱添加或签出书籍
-学生指定添加或签出操作,书的数量以及书柜
这是经过修改(编辑)的Student类:
package librarysimulation;
public class Student extends Thread {
String studentId = "";
Librarian librarian = null;
int bookCount = 0;
public Student(String id, Librarian lib, int book) {
studentId = id;
librarian = lib;
bookCount = book;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Student " + studentId + " is requesting SME...");
librarian.requestSME();
try {
// Do something
System.out.println("Student " + studentId + " has access to an SME.");
//How do I ask the SME to add OR checkOut 'x' number of books
//from a given BookCloset?
} finally {
librarian.releaseSME();
}
}
}
这是经过修改(编辑)的图书馆员班:
package librarysimulation;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public class Librarian {
public Semaphore sme;
public int bookClosetCount = 0;
public Librarian(int smeCount, int bookCloset) {
sme = new Semaphore(smeCount, true);
bookClosetCount = bookCloset;
//openLibrary(smeCount);
}
//Receive SME request from the Student here
public void requestSME() {
try {
sme.acquire();
//assign student to SME
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
Logger.getLogger(Librarian.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
}
//Release SME from the Student here
public void releaseSME() {
sme.release();//release SME
}
//Set the SME threads active (from constructor)
//i.e., when the library opens, have the SMEs ready
public final void openLibrary(int roomCount) {
for (int i = 0; i < roomCount; i++) {
SubjectMatterExpert s = new SubjectMatterExpert(String.valueOf(i));
s.start();
}
}
}
这是修改(编辑)的主题专家类:
package librarysimulation;
public class SubjectMatterExpert extends Thread {
String smeId = "";
SubjectMatterExpert(String id) {
smeId = id;
}
@Override
public void run(){
//Handle Student request
//Students specify if they are checking out books or returning books
//Students specify number of books
//Students specify which closet
//SME simply executes the method from the Book Closet instance
}
}
这是修改(编辑)的Simulator类:
package librarysimulation;
public class Simulator extends Thread {
public static final int STUDENT_COUNT = 50;
public static final int SME_COUNT = 3;
public static final int BOOKCLOSET_COUNT = 10;
public static final int BOOK_PER_STUDENT_COUNT = 10;
@Override
public void run() {
//Instantiate Library//New library with 3 SMEs
Librarian lib = new Librarian(SME_COUNT, BOOKCLOSET_COUNT);
//Create students
int i = 0;
while (i < STUDENT_COUNT) {
Student s = new Student(String.valueOf(i), lib, BOOK_PER_STUDENT_COUNT);
s.start();
i++;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Simulator s = new Simulator();
s.start();
}
}
这是(新的)书柜类:
package librarysimulation;
public class BookCloset {
int closetId;
int bookCount = 0;
public BookCloset(int id, int book) {
closetId = id;
bookCount = book;
}
public int addBook(int book){
return bookCount + book;
}
public int checkOutBook(int book){
int finalBookCount = bookCount - book;
//Change book count iff it makes sense to do so
if(finalBookCount >= 0)
bookCount = finalBookCount;
//If return value is -ve, handle accordingly
return finalBookCount;
}
}
最佳答案
在您描述的原始图书管理员问题中,该问题并不关心哪个学生在哪个房间中,因此使用简单的线程安全计数器(即信号量)来实现对资源的控制。在描述问题之后,仍然需要对实现进行更改。一种方法是对图书馆员使用两种方法,一种用于请求SME,另一种用于返还SME。
class Librarian {
Semaphore sme = new Semaphore(NUMBER_OF_SMES);
void requestSme() throws InterruptedException {
sme.acquire();
}
void releaseSme() {
sme.release();
}
}
class Student {
Librarian librarian;
public void run() {
libarian.requestSme();
try {
// Do something
finally {
librarian.releaseSme();
}
}
}
但是,如果您确实需要知道哪个学生正在与哪个SME合作,那么您需要使用不同的结构来管理资源,信号量已不再足够。一个示例可以是队列。
class Librarian {
BlockingQueue<SubjectMatterExpert> q =
new ArrayBlockingQueue<SubjectMatterExpert>(NUMBER_OF_SMES);
public Librarian() {
for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_SMES; i++)
q.put(new SubjectMatterExpert(String.valueOf(i));
}
SubjectMatterExport requestSme() throws InterruptedException {
q.take();
}
void releaseSme(SubjectMatterExpert toRelease) {
q.put(toRelease);
}
}
class Student {
Librarian librarian;
public void run() {
SubjectMatterExpert sme = libarian.requestSme();
try {
System.out.println("Student: " + this + ", SME: " sme);
finally {
if (sme != null)
librarian.releaseSme(sme);
}
}
}