openpyxl模块介绍

openpyxl模块是一个读写Excel 2010文档的Python库，如果要处理更早格式的Excel文档，需要用到额外的库，openpyxl是一个比较综合的工具，能够同时读取和修改Excel文档。其他很多的与Excel相关的项目基本只支持读或者写Excel一种功能。

安装openpyxl模块

openpyxl是一个开源项目，这里使用如下命令安装openpyxl模块

pip3 install openpyxl

一.作成Excel文件

1.作成空的excel

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__':

    #作成一个新的空的Excel
    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

2.变更默认sheet页的名称

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__':

    wb = openpyxl.Workbook
    #当前打开的sheet页 wb.active
    ws = wb.active

    # 更改默认名称Sheet`
    ws.title = "WorkSheetTitle"

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

3.作成含多个sheet页的Excel

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__':

    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    #当前打开的sheet页 wb.active
    ws = wb.active

    # #更改默认名称Sheet`
    ws.title = "WorkSheetTitle"

    # 定义第二个sheet页
    ws2 = wb.create_sheet("NewWorkSheet2")

    # 定义第三个sheet页
    # `0` 的设定 会将该sheet页 置于wb最前面
    ws3 = wb.create_sheet("NewWorkSheet3", 0)

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

4.sheet页WS的tab颜色变更

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__':

    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

     # 更改默认名称Sheet`
    ws.title = "WorkSheetTitle"

    # WS的tab颜色设定
    ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA"

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

二.单元格赋值

1.指定坐标


if __name__ == '__main__':

    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

    # 更改默认名称Sheet`
    ws.title = "WorkSheetTitle"

    # 给单元格赋值
    ws["A1"] = "HOGE"
    ws["B1"] = "FUGA"

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

2.指定行列


if __name__ == '__main__':

    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

    # 更改默认名称Sheet`
    ws.title = "WorkSheetTitle"

    # 指定行列给单元格赋值
    ws.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

3.指定范围

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__':

    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

     # 更改默认名称Sheet`
    ws.title = "worksheettitle"

    # 指定行列给单元格赋值
    v = 0
    for i in range(1,10):
        for n in range(1,10):
            ws.cell(row=i, column=n, value=v)
            v += 1

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

4.一次输出行

import openpyxl

# column名
column_title = ["FirstName", "LastName"]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    """
    CELL放入值
    """
    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

    # 更改默认名称Sheet`
    ws.title = "worksheettitle"

    # column名和値顺序放入单元格中
    rows = [
        column_title,
        ["Tarou", "Tanaka"],
        ["Tarou", "Suzuki"],
        ["Tarou", "Uchiayama"],
    ]
    for row in rows:
        ws.append(row)

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

一次输出行运行结果

5.单元格内换行

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__':
    """
    单元格内换行
    """
    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

    # 更改默认名称Sheet`
    ws.title = "WorkSheetTitle"

    # 单元格内换行
    ws['A1'] = "A\nB\nC"
    ws['A1'].alignment = openpyxl.styles.Alignment(wrapText=True)

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

单元格内换行运行结果图

三.设置单元格的style

1.style文稿

https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/default/styles.html#cell-styles-and-named-styles

2.设置字体font

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__':
    """
    设置字体font
    """
    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

     # 更改默认名称Sheet`
    ws.title = "worksheettitle"

    # 设置font
    font = openpyxl.styles.Font(
        name = "宋体",
        size = 15,
    )
    a1 = ws["A1"]
    a1.font = font
    a1.value = "TEST"

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

3.单元格边框border

import openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side

if __name__ == '__main__':
    """
    设置单元格style
    """
    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

    # 更改默认名称Sheet`
    ws.title = "worksheettitle"

    # 设置单元格border的style
    border = Border(
        left=Side(
            border_style="thin",
            color="FF0000"
        ),
        right=Side(
            border_style="thin",
            color="FF0000"
        ),
        top=Side(
            border_style="thin",
            color="FF0000"
        ),
        bottom=Side(
            border_style="thin",
            color="FF0000"

        )
    )
    b2 = ws["B2"]
    b2.border = border
    b2.value = "TEST"

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

单元格边框style 运行结果图

4.合并单元格

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__':

    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

    ws.title = "worksheettitle"

    # 合并单元格
    ws.merge_cells("A1:E1")
    ws["A1"] = "HOGE"

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

合并单元格运行效果图

5.单元格填充颜色

import openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill

if __name__ == '__main__':

    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

    ws.title = "worksheettitle"

    # 单元格填充颜色
    fill = PatternFill(fill_type='solid',
                       fgColor='FFFF0000')
    b2 = ws["B2"]
    b2.fill = fill
    b2.value = "TEST"

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

单元格填充颜色效果图

四.hyperlink超链接

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__':

    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

    ws.title = "worksheettitle"

    # 作成第二个sheet页 名称胃example
    ws2 = wb.create_sheet("example")

    # 设置超链接 到“example”sheet页 鼠标定格在A5单元格
    ws["A1"] = "Link"
    ws["A1"].hyperlink = "example.xlsx#example!A5"

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

五.读Excel文档

from openpyxl import Workbook, load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('./example.xlsx')
ws = wb.active

for row in ws:
    for cell in row:
        print(cell)

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python的openpyxl的使用笔记