交换机
交换机属性:
Name:交换机名称
Type:交换机类型 direct、topic、fanout、headers
Durability:是否需要持久化,true为持久化
Auto Delete:当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后,自动删除该Exchange
Internal:当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用,默认为False
Arguments:扩展参数,用于扩展AMQP协议,定制化使用
直流交换机
直连交换机Direct Exchange(完全匹配路由key)
所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息会被转发到RouteKey中指定的Queue
注意:Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange:default Exchange,所以不需要将Exchange进行任何绑定(binding)操作,消息传递时,RouteKey必须完全匹配才会被队列接收,否则该消息会被抛弃;
消费端代码
package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.direct; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Consumer4DirectExchange { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ; connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true); connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明 String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange"; String exchangeType = "direct"; String queueName = "test_direct_queue"; String routingKey = "test.direct"; //表示声明了一个交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null); //表示声明了一个队列 channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null); //建立一个绑定关系: channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey); //durable 是否持久化消息 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer); //循环获取消息 while(true){ //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞 QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String msg = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg); } } }
生产端代码
package com.javaxl.rabbitmqapi.exchange.direct; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; /** * @author 小李飞刀 * @site www.javaxl.com * @company * @create 2019-11-18 10:22 */ public class Producer4DirectExchange { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1 创建ConnectionFactory ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.147.146"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); //2 创建Connection Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); //3 创建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明 String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange"; String routingKey = "test.direct"; // String routingKey = "test.direct111"; //收不到 //5 发送 String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Direct Exchange Message 111 ... "; channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes()); } }
主题交换机
主题交换机Topic Exchange(匹配路由规则的交换机)
所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关系RouteKey中指定Topic的Queue上;
Exchange将RouteKey和某Topic进行模糊匹配,此时队列需要绑定一个Topic;
注意:可以使用通配符进行模糊匹配
符号:“#” 匹配一个或者多个词
符号:“*” 匹配不多不少一个词
列如:
“log.#” 能够匹配到 “log.info.oa”
“log.*” 能够匹配到 “log.err”
消费端代码
package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.topic; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Consumer4TopicExchange { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ; connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true); connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明 String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange"; String exchangeType = "topic"; String queueName = "test_topic_queue"; String routingKey = "user.#"; // String routingKey = "user.*"; // 1 声明交换机 channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null); // 2 声明队列 channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null); // 3 建立交换机和队列的绑定关系: channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey); //durable 是否持久化消息 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer); //循环获取消息 while(true){ //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞 QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String msg = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg); } } }
生产端代码
package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.topic; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; public class Producer4TopicExchange { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1 创建ConnectionFactory ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); //2 创建Connection Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); //3 创建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明 String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange"; String routingKey1 = "user.save"; String routingKey2 = "user.update"; String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc"; //5 发送 String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ..."; channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , msg.getBytes()); channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , msg.getBytes()); channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , msg.getBytes()); channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
输出交换机
输出交换机Fanout Exchange(不做路由)
不处理路由键,只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上;
发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上;
Fanout交换机转发消息是最快的
消费端代码
package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.fanout; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer; public class Consumer4FanoutExchange { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ; connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true); connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明 String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange"; String exchangeType = "fanout"; String queueName = "test_fanout_queue"; String routingKey = ""; //不设置路由键 channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null); channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null); channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey); //durable 是否持久化消息 QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel); //参数:队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer); //循环获取消息 while(true){ //获取消息,如果没有消息,这一步将会一直阻塞 QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery(); String msg = new String(delivery.getBody()); System.out.println("收到消息:" + msg); } } }
生产端代码
package com.jt.rabbit002.exchange.fanout; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; public class Producer4FanoutExchange { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1 创建ConnectionFactory ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.171.132"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); //2 创建Connection Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); //3 创建Channel Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); //4 声明 String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange"; //5 发送 for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) { String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ..."; channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes()); } channel.close(); connection.close(); } }
Binding-绑定
Exchange和Exchange、Queue之间的连接关系;
Binding中可以包含RoutingKey或者参数
Queue-消息队列
消息队列,实际存储消息数据
Durability:是否持久化
Durable:是,Transient:否
Auto delete:如选yes,代表当最后一个监听被移除之后,该Queue会自动被删除
Message-消息
服务器和应用程序之间传递的数据 本质上就是一段数据,由Properties和Payload(Body)组成 常用属性:delivery model、headers(自定义属性) Message-其他属性 content_type、content_encoding、priority correlation_id、reply_to、expiration、message_id Timestamp、type、user_id、app_id、cluster_id
Virtual host-虚拟主机
虚拟地址,用于进行逻辑隔离,最上层的消息路由
一个Virtual Host里面可以有若干个Exchange和Queue
同一个Virtual Host里面不能有相同名称的Exchange或Queue
RabbitMQ整合 SpringCloud实战
注意一点,在发送消息的时候对template进行配置mandatory=true保证监听有效
生产端还可以配置其他属性,比如发送重试,超时时间、次数、间隔等
消费端核心配置
u 首先配置手工确认模式,用于ACK的手工处理,这样我们可以保证消息的可靠性送达,或者在消费端消费失败的时候可以做到重回队列、根据业务记录日志等处理
u 可以设置消费端的监听个数和最大个数,用于控制消费端的并发情况
@RabbitListener注解的使用
消费端监听@RabbitListener注解,这个对于在实际工作中非常的好用
u @RabbitListener是一个组合注解,里面可以注解配置(@QueueBinding、@Queue、@Exchange)直接通过这个组合注解一次性搞定消费端交换机、队列、绑定、路由、并且配置监听功能
注:由于类配置写在代码里非常不友好,所以强烈建议大家使用配置文件配置
相关代码
rabbitmq-common子项目
package com.jt.rabbitmqcommon.entity; import java.io.Serializable; public class Order implements Serializable { private String id; private String name; public Order() { } public Order(String id, String name) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
rabbitmq-springcloud-consumer子项目
Pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.jt</groupId> <artifactId>rabbitmq-springcloud-consumer</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>rabbitmq-springcloud-consumer</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.jt</groupId> <artifactId>rabbitmq-common</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId> <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
application.properties配置
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.171.132:5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest spring.rabbitmq.password=guest spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/ spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=5 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10 spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2 spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-2 spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*
RabbitReceiver
package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudconsumer.conusmer; import com.jt.rabbitmqcommon.entity.Order; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.*; import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders; import org.springframework.messaging.Message; import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Headers; import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Map; @Component public class RabbitReceiver { @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding( value = @Queue(value = "queue-1", durable="true"), exchange = @Exchange(value = "exchange-1", durable="true", type= "topic", ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true"), key = "springboot.*" ) ) @RabbitHandler public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception { System.err.println("--------------------------------------"); System.err.println("消费端Payload: " + message.getPayload()); Long deliveryTag = (Long)message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG); //手工ACK channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false); } /** * * spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2 spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-1 spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.* * @param order * @param channel * @param headers * @throws Exception */ @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding( value = @Queue(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name}", durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable}"), exchange = @Exchange(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name}", durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable}", type= "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type}", ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions}"), key = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key}" ) ) @RabbitHandler public void onOrderMessage(@Payload Order order, Channel channel, @Headers Map<String, Object> headers) throws Exception { System.err.println("--------------------------------------"); System.err.println("消费端order: " + order.getId()); Long deliveryTag = (Long)headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG); //手工ACK channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false); } }
MainConfig.java
package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudconsumer; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ComponentScan({"com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudconsumer.*"}) public class MainConfig { }
rabbitmq-springcloud-producer子项目
Pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.jt</groupId> <artifactId>rabbitmq-springcloud-producer</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>rabbitmq-springcloud-producer</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId> <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.jt</groupId> <artifactId>rabbitmq-common</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
application.properties
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.171.132:5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest spring.rabbitmq.password=guest spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/ spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000 spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
RabbitSender.java
package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer.producer; import com.jt.rabbitmqcommon.entity.Order; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.messaging.Message; import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHeaders; import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Map; @Component public class RabbitSender { //自动注入RabbitTemplate模板类 @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; //回调函数: confirm确认 final ConfirmCallback confirmCallback = new ConfirmCallback() { @Override public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) { System.err.println("correlationData: " + correlationData); System.err.println("ack: " + ack); if(!ack){ System.err.println("异常处理...."); } } }; //回调函数: return返回 final ReturnCallback returnCallback = new ReturnCallback() { @Override public void returnedMessage(org.springframework.amqp.core.Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) { System.err.println("return exchange: " + exchange + ", routingKey: " + routingKey + ", replyCode: " + replyCode + ", replyText: " + replyText); } }; //发送消息方法调用: 构建Message消息 public void send(Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception { MessageHeaders mhs = new MessageHeaders(properties); Message msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, mhs); rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback); rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback); //id + 时间戳 全局唯一 CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("1234567890"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-1", "springboot.abc", msg, correlationData); } //发送消息方法调用: 构建自定义对象消息 public void sendOrder(Order order) throws Exception { rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback); rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback); //id + 时间戳 全局唯一 CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("0987654321"); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-2", "springboot.def", order, correlationData); } }
MainConfig.java
package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ComponentScan({"com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer.*"}) public class MainConfig { }
测试代码RabbitmqSpringcloudProducerApplicationTests
package com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer; import com.jt.rabbitmqcommon.entity.Order; import com.jt.rabbitmqspringcloudproducer.producer.RabbitSender; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest class RabbitmqSpringcloudProducerApplicationTests { @Autowired private RabbitSender rabbitSender; private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS"); @Test public void testSender1() throws Exception { Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>(); properties.put("number", "12345"); properties.put("send_time", simpleDateFormat.format(new Date())); rabbitSender.send("Hello RabbitMQ For Spring Boot!", properties); } @Test public void testSender2() throws Exception { Order order = new Order("001", "第一个订单"); rabbitSender.sendOrder(order); } }
测试一
测试二