在Z3PY中,如何检查给定约束的方程是否只有一个解?
如果不止一个解决方案,我如何枚举它们?
最佳答案
您可以通过添加一个新的约束来实现这一点,该约束会阻止Z3返回的模型。
例如,假设在z3返回的模型中,我们有x = 0
和y = 1
。然后,我们可以通过添加约束来阻塞这个模型。
下面的脚本完成了这个技巧。
您可以在线尝试:http://rise4fun.com/Z3Py/4blB
注意,下面的脚本有一些限制。输入公式不能包括未解释的函数、数组或未解释的排序。
from z3 import *
# Return the first "M" models of formula list of formulas F
def get_models(F, M):
result = []
s = Solver()
s.add(F)
while len(result) < M and s.check() == sat:
m = s.model()
result.append(m)
# Create a new constraint the blocks the current model
block = []
for d in m:
# d is a declaration
if d.arity() > 0:
raise Z3Exception("uninterpreted functions are not supported")
# create a constant from declaration
c = d()
if is_array(c) or c.sort().kind() == Z3_UNINTERPRETED_SORT:
raise Z3Exception("arrays and uninterpreted sorts are not supported")
block.append(c != m[d])
s.add(Or(block))
return result
# Return True if F has exactly one model.
def exactly_one_model(F):
return len(get_models(F, 2)) == 1
x, y = Ints('x y')
s = Solver()
F = [x >= 0, x <= 1, y >= 0, y <= 2, y == 2*x]
print get_models(F, 10)
print exactly_one_model(F)
print exactly_one_model([x >= 0, x <= 1, y >= 0, y <= 2, 2*y == x])
# Demonstrate unsupported features
try:
a = Array('a', IntSort(), IntSort())
b = Array('b', IntSort(), IntSort())
print get_models(a==b, 10)
except Z3Exception as ex:
print "Error: ", ex
try:
f = Function('f', IntSort(), IntSort())
print get_models(f(x) == x, 10)
except Z3Exception as ex:
print "Error: ", ex