作者:Tim Vam Damme
让我们来看看一种超轻量级的方法,它可以为一组任意大小的照片创建水平砖砌效果。将任何照片丢到上面,它们将边对边无缝对齐。
该解决方案不仅轻巧,而且非常简单。我们将使用无序的图片列表和仅仅17行CSS代码,其中重点要领是flexbox和object-fit。
#为什么?
我有两个业余爱好:用照片记录生活,以及找出新旧CSS属性有趣的组合方式。
几周前,我参加了XOXO(注:XOXO是一个针对在线生活和工作的独立艺术家的实验性节日)并且拍摄了大量照片,然后我缩减为39张照片。为了拥有我自己的内容,我花了两年的时间来组建一个简单的照片博客,但始终无法实现我想要的布局:一个简单的砖砌布局,其中的照片填充行的同时要尊重其宽高比例(在iOS、Google Photos、Flickr上可以考虑使用Photos.app)。
我进行了一些研究来查看是否有任何轻量级、非JavaScript的选项,但是不能找到适合我需要的任何内容。面对一些延误的航班,我开始鼓捣一些代码,限制自己尽可能简化事情(因为这是我对乐趣的定义)。
#基本标记
由于我基本上是在创建图片列表,因此我选择了无序列表:
<ul> <li> <img> </li> <!-- ... --> <li> <img> </li> </ul>
#所有像下冰雹一样的弹性盒子
然后是一连串电灯泡时刻:
- Flexbox非常适合通过根据单元格内容确定单元格的宽度来填充行。
- 这意味着所有图片(横向或纵向)需要有统一高度。
- 我可以使用object-fit:cover;确保图像充满了单元格。
从理论上讲,这听起来是一个靠谱的计划,这给了我90%满意度的结果。
ul { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; } li { height: 40vh; flex-grow: 1; } img { max-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: bottom; }
注意:40vh似乎是台式机浏览器的最佳初始方式,以合理的大小显示两整行照片,并在下方显示更多内容。这还允许每行更多照片,从而大大提高了宽高比例。
#最后一行弹性缩放
我遇到的唯一问题是flexbox确实想要填满所有行,并且它对最后一行照片的长宽比做了一些蠢事。这可能是这种布局中我最不喜欢的一部分,但是我必须在列表的末尾添加一个空的<li>元素。
<ul> <li> <img> </li> <!-- ... --> <li> <img> </li> <li></li> </ul>
结合了这段CSS:
li:last-child { flex-grow: 10; }
注意:此处使用“10”是没有科学依据的。在我所有的测试汇总,这提供了最佳结果。(注:作者的意思是这是一个测试结果中较佳的数字,是一个根据结果不断调整后的尝试值。)
#Demo
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width' /> <title></title> <style> ul { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; } li { height: 40vh; flex-grow: 1; list-style: none; } li:last-child { flex-grow: 10; } img { max-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; vertical-align: bottom; } @media (max-aspect-ratio: 1/1) { li { height: 30vh; } } @media (max-height: 480px) { li { height: 80vh; } } @media (max-aspect-ratio: 1/1) and (max-width: 480px) { ul { flex-direction: row; } li { height: auto; width: 100%; } img { width: 100%; max-height: 75vh; min-width: 0; } } </style> </head> <body> <ul> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814785/photostream-photos/DSC05466_kwlv0n.jpg" alt="A Toyota Previa covered in graffiti" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814785/photostream-photos/DSC05621_zgtcco.jpg" alt="Interesting living room light through a window" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814785/photostream-photos/DSC05513_gfbiwi.jpg" alt="Sara on a red bike" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814785/photostream-photos/DSC05588_nb0dma.jpg" alt="XOXO venue in between talks" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814785/photostream-photos/DSC05459_ziuomy.jpg" alt="Trees lit by green light during dusk" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814785/photostream-photos/DSC05586_oj8jfo.jpg" alt="Portrait of Justin Pervorse" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814785/photostream-photos/DSC05465_dtkwef.jpg" alt="Empty bike racks outside a hotel" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814785/photostream-photos/DSC05626_ytsf3j.jpg" alt="Heavy rain on an intersection" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814785/photostream-photos/DSC05449_l9kukz.jpg" alt="Payam Rajabi eating peanut chicken" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814785/photostream-photos/DSC05544_aczrb9.jpg" alt="Portland skyline sunset" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814785/photostream-photos/DSC05447_mvffor.jpg" alt="Interior at Nong's" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814784/photostream-photos/DSC05501_yirmq8.jpg" alt="A kimchi hotdog on a plate" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814784/photostream-photos/DSC05624_f5b2ud.jpg" alt="Restaurant window with graffiti saying 'water'" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814784/photostream-photos/DSC05623_dcpfva.jpg" alt="Portrait of Jeremy Tanner" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814784/photostream-photos/DSC05515_d2gzut.jpg" alt="Jordan, Sarah and Sara on red bikes, waiting" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814784/photostream-photos/DSC05581_ceocwv.jpg" alt="Barista wearing a hoodie saying 'Coffee Should Be Dope.'" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814784/photostream-photos/DSC05517_ni2k0p.jpg" alt="Payam crossing the street on a bike" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814783/photostream-photos/DSC05620_qfwycq.jpg" alt="Lit trees reflected in a puddle" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814783/photostream-photos/DSC05462_b33uvp.jpg" alt="Moody chair in my hotel room" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814783/photostream-photos/DSC05489_mqzktl.jpg" alt="Tom and Jenn wearing sunglasses" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814783/photostream-photos/DSC05476_dlkjza.jpg" alt="Jordan and Sarah in front of a restaurant window" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814783/photostream-photos/DSC05497_abbd3c.jpg" alt="Sarah reading the Double Dragon drink menu" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814782/photostream-photos/DSC05487_fcdv7t.jpg" alt="Beer brewing equipment" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814782/photostream-photos/DSC05493_q6njbk.jpg" alt="2 cocktails in the making" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814782/photostream-photos/DSC05446_xj60ff.jpg" alt="Beverage fridge at Nong's" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814782/photostream-photos/DSC05559_hu49zx.jpg" alt="Wood structure reflections" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814782/photostream-photos/DSC05482_dtrj02.jpg" alt="Colorful garden equipment in a shop window" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814782/photostream-photos/DSC05565_dx5rp6.jpg" alt="Sarah in front of a wooden wall" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814782/photostream-photos/DSC05613_o9af2z.jpg" alt="A neon banana" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814782/photostream-photos/DSC05469_fdxdzx.jpg" alt="Matt Sacks smiling while we're waiting for food" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814782/photostream-photos/DSC05558_yq2tnz.jpg" alt="A fixed-gear bike under some bright lights" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814781/photostream-photos/DSC05483_dyiuya.jpg" alt="Panic's PlayDate being held by a tester" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814781/photostream-photos/DSC05468_xzbtcd.jpg" alt="Window reflection of me and Payam" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814781/photostream-photos/DSC05457_nloycw.jpg" alt="Upside down shopping carts" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814781/photostream-photos/DSC05522_mekpec.jpg" alt="Payam riding a bike with no hands" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814781/photostream-photos/DSC05611_lbwtmk.jpg" alt="A kid's pillow left on the bench of a bus stop" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814781/photostream-photos/DSC05572_xfvij7.jpg" alt="My reflection in the mirror" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814781/photostream-photos/DSC05481_gnljae.jpg" alt="Jordan holding an iced coffee against his head to cool down" loading="lazy"> </li> <li> <img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/css-tricks/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto/v1568814781/photostream-photos/DSC05480_zkw8sm.jpg" alt="Jordan and Sarah looking at the menu in a coffee shop" loading="lazy"> </li> <!-- Adding an empty <li> here so the final photo doesn't stretch like crazy. Try removing it and see what happens! --> <li></li> </ul> </body> </html>
#视口优化
在不同视口方向上进行操作时,需要牢记一些注意事项。
纵向排列
如果视口的高度大于宽度,则此方法会限制每行的照片数量,从而弄乱了它们的长宽比。 为了解决这个问题,您可以使用以下简单的媒体查询来降低照片行的高度:
@media (max-aspect-ratio: 1/1) { li { height: 30vh; } }
短屏
为了帮助小型设备横向排版美观,需要增加照片的高度有助于使它们看起来尽可能大:
@media (max-height: 480px) { li { height: 80vh; } }
较小屏幕+纵向排列
大多数手机的宽度不足以允许flexbox在不缩小照片尺寸的情况下正常工作,因此在这里我选择不尝试每行容纳多张照片。 尽管如此,还是值得在此处设置最大高度,因此您至少可以提示列表中的下一张照片。
@media (max-aspect-ratio: 1/1) and (max-width: 480px) { ul { flex-direction: row; } li { height: auto; width: 100%; } img { width: 100%; max-height: 75vh; min-width: 0; } }
#其它灵活调整方法!
这种方法并未完全尊重照片的长宽比(但很接近),偶尔会导致一些奇怪的结果,但是我绝对喜欢这一切的简单性和灵活性。 想让您的画廊水平滚动而不是垂直滚动吗? 进行一些调整可以使您做到这一点。 画廊中有1000张照片还是只有一张? 一切看起来都不错。 不清楚纵横比吗? Flexbox是您最好的朋友。 如果还没有演示,请再看一下演示,让我知道您的想法!
#意外收获
根据这些照片的大小,这样的页面可能很快就会增长到几兆字节。 在我正在处理的博客上,我添加了loading =“ lazy”来帮助解决此问题。 在图像上具有该属性的情况下,它仅在滚动时靠近照片时才加载照片。 目前,Chrome仅支持该功能,但您可以采用自己更受支持的技术。
原文链接:
https://css-tricks.com/adaptive-photo-layout-with-flexbox/