什么是mock测试？

　　在测试过程中，对于某些不容易构成或者不容易获取的对象，用一个虚拟的对象来创建以便测试的测试方法，就是Mock测试。

　　Servlet、Request、Response等Servlet API相关对象本来就是由Servlet容器(Tomcat)创建的。

　　这个虚拟的对象就是Mock对象。

　　Mock对象是真实对象在调试期间的代替品。

为什么使用Mock测试?

避免开发模块之间的耦合
轻量、简单、灵活

MockMVC介绍

MockMvcBuilder

　　他是用来构造MockMVC的构造器

　　主要有两个实现：StandaloneMockMvcBuilder和DefaultMockMvcBuilder，分别对应之前的两种测试方式。

　　我们直接使用静态工厂MockMvcBuilders创建即可。

MockMvcBuilders

　　负责创建MockMvcBuilder对象

　　有两种创建方式

　　　　1、standaloneSetup(Object... controllers)

　　　　2、webAppContextSetup(WebApplicationContext wac)：指定WebApplicationContext，将会从该上下文获取相应的控制器并得到相应的MockMvc

MockMvc

　　对于服务器端的Spring MVC测试支持主入口点。

　　通过MockMvcBuilder构造

　　MockMvcBuilder由MockMvcBuilders的静态方法去构造。

　　核心方法：perform(RequestBuilder requestBuilder)---->执行一个RequestBuilder请求，会自动执行SpringMvc的流程并映射到相应的控制器执行处理，该方法的返回值是一个ResultActions；

ResultActions

andExpect

　　添加ResultMatcher验证规则，验证控制器执行完成后结果是否正确。

andDo

　　添加ResultHandler结果处理器，比如调试时打印结果到控制台；

andReturn

　　最后返回相应的MvcResult；然后进行自定义验证/进行下一步的异步处理。

MockMvcRequestBuilders

用来构造请求
主要由两个子类MockHttpServletRequestBuilder和MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder(如文件上传)，即用来Mock客户端请求需要的所有数据。

MockMvcResultMatchers

用来匹配执行完请求后的结果验证
如果匹配失败将抛出相应的异常
包含了很多验证API方法

MockMvcResultHandlers

结果处理器，表示要对结果做点什么事情
比如此处使用MockMvcResultHandlers.print()输出整个相应结果信息。

MvcResult

　　单元测试执行结果，可以针对执行结果进行自定义验证逻辑。

MocMvc的使用

添加依赖

        <!-- spring 单元测试组件包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 单元测试Junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

测试类

TestMockMVC.java

package com.cyb.ssm.controller.test;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

//@WebAppConfiguration：可以在单元测试的时候，不用启动Servlet容器，就可以获取一个Web应用上下文
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/*.xml")
@WebAppConfiguration
public class TestMockMVC {
    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void Setup() {
        // 初始化一个MockMVC对象的方式有两种：单独设置、web应用上下文设置
        // 建议使用web应用上下文设置
        mockMvc = new MockMvcBuilders().webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        // 通过perform去执行一个Http请求
        // andExpect:通过该方法，判断请求执行是否成功
        // andDo：对请求之后的结果，进行输出
        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/showEdit").param("id", "1"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("item/item-edit"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn();
        System.out.println("===============");
        System.out.println(result.getHandler());
    }
}

运行结果如下

JRE Oracle Corporation/13.0.1 is not supported, advanced source lookup disabled.
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames
信息: Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener]
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getTestExecutionListeners
信息: Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@4470f8a6, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@7c83dc97, org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@7748410a, org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@740773a3, org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@37f1104d, org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener@55740540]
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\applicationContext-dao.xml]
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\applicationContext-service.xml]
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\applicationContext-tx.xml]
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\springmvc.xml]
12月 12, 2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/updateItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.updateItem(java.lang.Integer,java.lang.String,java.lang.Float,com.cyb.ssm.po.Item,org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile) throws java.lang.Exception
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/testRedirect],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.testRedirect(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/testForward],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.testForward(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/findItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.findItem(java.lang.Integer)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/queryItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.queryItem() throws com.cyb.ssm.exception.CustomException
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/queryItem2],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.queryItem2(com.cyb.ssm.po.ItemQueryVO)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/deleteItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public void com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.deleteItem(java.lang.String[])
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/saveItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.util.Date com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.saveItem(java.util.Date)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/showEdit],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/item/batchUpdateItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.util.List<com.cyb.ssm.po.Item> com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.batchUpdateItem(com.cyb.ssm.po.ItemQueryVO)
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
信息: Mapped "{[/queryItemByIdWithRest]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.RestItemController.queryItemById()
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache
信息: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache
信息: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext log
信息: Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet ''
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean
信息: FrameworkServlet '': initialization started
12月 12, 2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean
信息: FrameworkServlet '': initialization completed in 17 ms
com.cyb.ssm.po.Item@1ad9b8d3

MockHttpServletRequest:
HTTP Method = GET
Request URI = /item/showEdit
Parameters = {id=[1]}
Headers = {}
Body = <no character encoding set>
Session Attrs = {}

Handler:
Type = com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController
Method = public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)

Async:
Async started = false
Async result = null

Resolved Exception:
Type = null

ModelAndView:
View name = item/item-edit
View = null
Attribute = item
value = com.cyb.ssm.po.Item@1ad9b8d3
errors = []

FlashMap:
Attributes = null

MockHttpServletResponse:
Status = 200
Error message = null
Headers = {Content-Language=[en]}
Content type = null
Body =
Forwarded URL = /WEB-INF/jsp/item/item-edit.jsp
Redirected URL = null
Cookies = []
===============
public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)

源码

直接下载

2019

SpringMVC Mock测试