我将以下requirements.txt用于pip:
Django==1.4.3
Pillow==2.4.0
South==0.7.5
amqp==1.4.5
anyjson==0.3.3
argparse==1.2.1
billiard==3.3.0.18
boto==2.4.1
celery==3.1.12
cffi==0.8.6
cryptography==0.5.4
dj-database-url==0.2.0
django-annoying==0.7.6
django-appconf==0.6
django-articles==2.4.1
django-celery==3.1.10
django-compressor==1.3
django-debug-toolbar==1.2.1
django-jsonfield==0.9.13
django-pdb==0.4.0
django-postmark==0.1.6
django-s3-folder-storage==0.2
django-storages==1.1.4
docopt==0.6.1
facebook-sdk==0.4.0
google-api-python-client==1.2
gunicorn==0.15.0
httplib2==0.9
ipython==2.1.0
itsdangerous==0.24
kombu==3.0.20
mailchimp==2.0.8
path-and-address==0.2.0
psycopg2==2.4.5
pyOpenSSL==0.14
pycparser==2.10
pyparsing==2.0.2
python-dateutil==2.2
pytz==2013b
requests==2.3.0
six==1.8.0
sqlparse==0.1.11
tweepy==2.3.0
wsgiref==0.1.2
一切正常，直到我添加
cffi==0.8.6
cryptography==0.5.4
google-api-python-client==1.2
httplib2==0.9
pyOpenSSL==0.14
pycparser==2.10
pyparsing==2.0.2
由于
SignedJwtAssertionCredentials取决于pyOpenSSL，因此为了使用Google日历API而添加了该代码。现在，当我推送到heroku时，在构建过程中遇到了与
six和cffi或cyrptography相关的错误:完整的构建日志为here，但有一些相关的摘要:
Fetching repository, done.
-----> Python app detected
-----> Noticed cffi. Bootstrapping libffi.
-----> Installing dependencies with pip
building '_Cryptography_cffi_684bb40axf342507b' extension
creating /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/cryptography
creating /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/cryptography/hazmat
creating /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/cryptography/hazmat/primitives
creating /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -g -O2 -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/app/.heroku/python/include/python2.7 -c cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_684bb40axf342507b.c -o /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_684bb40axf342507b.o
gcc -pthread -shared /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_684bb40axf342507b.o -L/app/.heroku/python/lib -lpython2.7 -o /tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/cryptography/hazmat/primitives/__pycache__/_Cryptography_cffi_684bb40axf342507b.so
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 17, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/setup.py", line 174, in <module>
"test": PyTest,
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 151, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "<string>", line 15, in replacement_run
File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 186, in find_sources
File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 246, in run
File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 282, in add_defaults
File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/sdist.py", line 167, in add_defaults
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 312, in get_finalized_command
cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 109, in ensure_finalized
self.finalize_options()
File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/build_py.py", line 26, in finalize_options
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/command/build_py.py", line 46, in finalize_options
('force', 'force'))
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 298, in set_undefined_options
src_cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 109, in ensure_finalized
self.finalize_options()
File "/tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/setup.py", line 88, in finalize_options
self.distribution.ext_modules = get_ext_modules()
File "/tmp/pip_build_u50597/cryptography/setup.py", line 65, in get_ext_modules
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import constant_time, padding
File "cryptography/hazmat/primitives/padding.py", line 25, in <module>
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import interfaces
File "cryptography/hazmat/primitives/interfaces.py", line 21, in <module>
@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'add_metaclass'
一些谷歌搜索似乎表明此
six.add_metaclass发生在六个早期版本中，但我使用的版本是我相信的最新版本，此外，如果我创建一个新的virtualenv并执行pip install -r requirements.txt(只要我在无论如何，我都已使用libffi安装了sudo apt-get install libffi-dev。任何人都知道为什么这在heroku上不起作用以及如何解决？
编辑
从那以后，我发现如果我通过使用
runtime.txt和python-2.7.6(相对于heroku默认2.7.7)将python版本指定为本地计算机的确切版本，则不会发生这种情况。我现在还是觉得有些奇怪，这只是一个错误吗？ 最佳答案
问题出在six上。在卸载和安装six之前，我已经看到了此问题。尝试一下，并重新报告是否可行。
pip uninstall six
pip install six