python - 尽管安装了GEOS，但获取 "django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: GEOS is required and has not been detected."

我在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上运行Django 1.8和Python 3.4。就在最近，我的Django应用程序一直在报告 GEOS 不存在。 已安装GEOS ， libgeos_c.so 应该位于(/usr/lib/)。我的代码似乎很好。它是仍然有效的docker镜像的来源。这似乎表明操作系统/不兼容问题。任何帮助将非常感激。

完整的回溯是

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 2358, in <module>
    globals = debugger.run(setup['file'], None, None, is_module)
  File "<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 1778, in run
    pydev_imports.execfile(file, globals, locals)  # execute the script
  File "<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/_pydev_imps/_pydev_execfile.py", line 18, in execfile
    exec(compile(contents+"\n", file, 'exec'), glob, loc)
  File "<path/to/my/pycharm/project>/manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 338, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 312, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 108, in populate
    app_config.import_models(all_models)
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 198, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 109, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2231, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2214, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2203, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1200, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1129, in _exec
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1448, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 41, in <module>
    class Permission(models.Model):
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 139, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs))
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 324, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 250, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 36, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 240, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/importlib/__init__.py", line 109, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2231, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2214, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 2203, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1200, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1129, in _exec
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1448, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 321, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/base.py", line 8, in <module>
    from .features import DatabaseFeatures
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/features.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/features.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
  File "<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/__init__.py", line 12, in <module>
    "See also https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/%s/ref/contrib/gis/install/geolibs/" % get_docs_version())
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: GEOS is required and has not been detected. Are you sure it is installed? See also https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/contrib/gis/install/geolibs/

我尝试重新安装 libgdal-dev 。所有相关软件包(GDAL，GEOS等)都是最新的。

我已经尝试过通过Python代码返回的方式。它在以下内容的 djanjo/contrib/gis/geos/__ init__.py 中失败。由于HAS_GEOS设置为false，因此报告不存在GEOS。

try:
    from .libgeos import geos_version, geos_version_info  # NOQA: flake8 detects only the last __all__
    HAS_GEOS = True
    __all__ += ['geos_version', 'geos_version_info']
except ImportError:
    HAS_GEOS = False

我怀疑最近的操作系统升级/补丁破坏了GEOS或GDAL。根本原因似乎与 ctypes 有关，但我看不出它可能是什么。

以下内容可能有用。

>>> from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydev_import_hook.py", line 21, in do_import
    module = self._system_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
ImportError: /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbol: _PyTraceback_Add


>>> from django.contrib.gis import gdal
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydev_import_hook.py", line 21, in do_import
    module = self._system_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydev_import_hook.py", line 21, in do_import
    module = self._system_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/__init__.py", line 47, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.driver import Driver  # NOQA
  File "/<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydev_import_hook.py", line 21, in do_import
    module = self._system_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/<path/to/my/virtualenv>/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/driver.py", line 1, in <module>
    from ctypes import c_void_p
  File "/<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydev_import_hook.py", line 21, in do_import
    module = self._system_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/ctypes/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
    from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
  File "/<path/to/my/homedir>/pycharm-4.5.1/helpers/pydev/pydev_import_hook.py", line 21, in do_import
    module = self._system_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
ImportError: /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbol: _PyTraceback_Add

最佳答案

我今天遇到了同样的问题，尽管在一个不相关的python项目中。这是我也遇到过的那条线，并导致我在这里:

ImportError: /usr/lib/python3.4/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-34m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: undefined symbol: _PyTraceback_Add

看起来Ubunut已推出了与现有虚拟环境不兼容的Python 3.4更新。我可以通过重新创建virtualenv来解决此问题。在目前这还不切实际的地方，我只是用系统一替换了virtualenv的python:

cd my-virtualenv
cp /usr/bin/python3.4 bin/python3.4

我不能说这是否做得很理智，但在我看来，这确实可行。

关于python - 尽管安装了GEOS，但获取 "django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: GEOS is required and has not been detected."，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32818523/