分发系统介绍
expect脚本远程执行命令
安装expect
[root@garytao-01 mon]# yum install -y expect
自动远程登录
[root@garytao-01 shell]# vi 1.expect
增加以下脚本内容:
#! /usr/bin/expect
set host "172.16.111.110"
set passwd "123456"
spawn ssh root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"assword:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
interact
这个文件是就保证登录信息的,清空的话,重新远程登录ssh 会有提示/root/.ssh/known_hosts
#加入执行权限
[root@garytao-01 shell]# chmod a+x 1.expect
#成功登录
[root@garytao-01 shell]# ./1.expect
spawn ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host '172.16.111.110 (172.16.111.110)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 09:6d:70:42:42:9a:12:69:51:9b:ad:e5:73:98:b9:c0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.16.111.110' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Mon Feb 26 18:22:32 2018 from 172.16.111.100
[root@garytao-02 ~]# 登出
Connection to 172.16.111.110 closed.
[root@garytao-01 shell]#
expect脚本运程传递参数
自动远程登录后,执行命令并退出
[root@garytao-01 shell]# vi 2.expect
增加脚本如下内容:
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user "root"
set passwd "123456"
spawn ssh [email protected]
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
#*通配]右边所有字符,表示当检测到这个符号时就执行我们要执行的命令
expect "]*"
send "touch /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
#增加权限
[root@xietaolinux1 ~]# chmod a+x 2.expect
#机器一执行脚本,远程创建文件,写入文件内容,回车退出
[root@garytao-01 shell]# ./2.expect
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Tue Feb 27 10:23:28 2018 from 172.16.111.100
[root@garytao-02 ~]# touch /tmp/12.txt
[root@garytao-02 ~]# echo 1212 > /tmp/12.txt
[root@garytao-02 ~]# [root@garytao-01 shell]#
[root@garytao-01 shell]#
##重新执行自动登录脚本
[root@garytao-01 shell]# ./1.expect
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Tue Feb 27 10:34:42 2018 from 172.16.111.100
#机器二查看远程创建的文件
[root@garytao-02 ~]# ls -l /tmp/12.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 2月 27 10:34 /tmp/12.txt
##查看远程脚本创建的文件内容
[root@garytao-02 ~]# cat /tmp/12.txt
1212
[root@garytao-02 ~]#
expect脚本传递参数
传递参数
[root@garytao-01 shell]# vi 3.expect
增加如下脚本内容:
#!/usr/bin/expect
set user [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd "123456"
set cm [lindex $argv 2]
spawn ssh $user@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
set timeout -1
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
[root@garytao-01 shell]# chmod a+x 3.expect
[root@garytao-01 shell]# ./3.expect root 172.16.111.110 ls
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Tue Feb 27 10:39:46 2018 from 172.16.111.100
[root@garytao-02 ~]# ls
123.txt 1_heard.txt 1.txt aming anaconda-ks.cfg.1 shell zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
123.txt~ 1_sorft.txt 2.txt aminglinux rsync yum.log
#支持多条参数
[root@garytao-02 ~]# [root@garytao-01 shell]# ./3.expect root 172.16.111.110 "ls;w;vmstat 1"
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Tue Feb 27 10:53:39 2018 from 172.16.111.100
[root@garytao-02 ~]# ls;w;vmstat 1
123.txt 1_heard.txt 1.txt aming anaconda-ks.cfg.1 shell zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm
123.txt~ 1_sorft.txt 2.txt aminglinux rsync yum.log
10:56:21 up 6 days, 9:04, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root pts/0 172.16.111.1 一18 16:31m 0.00s 0.00s -bash
root pts/1 172.16.111.100 10:56 0.00s 0.01s 0.01s w
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
2 0 0 204888 876 239148 0 0 0 1 46 14 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 204904 876 239164 0 0 0 21 55 116 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 204904 876 239164 0 0 0 0 55 113 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 204904 876 239164 0 0 0 0 56 112 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 204904 876 239164 0 0 0 0 56 111 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 204904 876 239164 0 0 0 0 58 110 0 0 100 0 0
#因为vmstat 1 是持续运行的。所以脚本最后的exit 就没有办法执行,只能手动终止
expect脚本同步文件
自动同步文件
[root@garytao-01 shell]# vi 4.expect
把另外一台机器的tmp下文件12.txt同步到本地tmp文件
增加如下脚本内容:
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "123456"
spawn rsync -av [email protected]:/tmp/12.txt /tmp/
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof
[root@garytao-01 shell]# chmod a+x 4.expect
#如果机器上没有安装rsync请使用如下命令安装
[root@garytao-02 ~]# yum -y install rsync
查看同步过程
expect脚本指定host和要同步的文件
set timeout 定义超时时间(单位为 秒) -1 为永远不超时
指定host和要同步的文件
[root@garytao-01 shell]# vi 5.expect
增加如下内容:
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av $file root@$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof
#file变量定义的文件地址,使用时,必须写绝对路径
把文件同步到远程机器上
[root@garytao-01 shell]# cat 5.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av $file root@$host:$file
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof
[root@garytao-01 shell]# chmod a+x 5.expect
[root@garytao-01 shell]# ./5.expect 172.16.111.110 "/tmp/12.txt"
spawn rsync -av /tmp/12.txt [email protected]:/tmp/12.txt
[email protected]'s password:
sending incremental file list
sent 31 bytes received 12 bytes 28.67 bytes/sec
total size is 5 speedup is 0.12
[root@garytao-01 shell]#
expect构建文件分发系统
需求背景
实现思路
核心命令
- 使用rsync 的 --files参数,可以实现调用文件里面的列表,进行多个文件远程传输,进而实现文件分发
文件分发系统的实现
## 创建rsync.expect执行脚本
[root@garytao-01 shell]# vi rsync.expect
增加如下脚本内容:
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av --files-from=$file / root@$host:/
#这个地方定义了原目录和目标目录以跟目录开
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect eof
同步的路径,需要保证对方机器也有这个相同的路径,如果没有路径,需要使用 -R 创建路径
## file.list内容,为同步的文件路径列表
[root@garytao-01 shell]# vi /tmp/file.list
增加如下需要同步的文件路径:
/tmp/12.txt
/root/shell/1.sh
/root/111/222/lll.txt
因为实现分发系统,肯定是因为需要分发的机器数量过大,所以,定义好了 文件 的 list 列表文件以后, 还需要配置 ip 的列表文件
## ip.list内容,为需要同步的远程机器IP列表
[root@garytao-01 shell]# vi /tmp/ip.list
172.16.111.110
127.0.0.1
创建一个rsync.sh脚本
[root@garytao-01 shell]# vi rsync.sh
#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat /tmp/ip.list`
do
./rsync.expect $ip /tmp/file.list
done
#加权限执行脚本
[root@garytao-01 shell]# chmod a+x rsync.expect
#执行过程
[root@garytao-01 shell]# sh -x rsync.sh
++ cat /tmp/ip.list
+ for ip in '`cat /tmp/ip.list`'
+ ./rsync.expect 172.16.111.110 /tmp/file.list
spawn rsync -avR --files-from=/tmp/file.list / [email protected]:/
[email protected]'s password:
building file list ... rsync: link_stat "/root/shell/1.sh" failed: No such file or directory (2)
done
root/
root/111/
root/111/222/
root/111/222/lll.txt/
tmp/
sent 130 bytes received 27 bytes 314.00 bytes/sec
total size is 5 speedup is 0.03
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1052) [sender=3.0.9]
+ for ip in '`cat /tmp/ip.list`'
+ ./rsync.expect 127.0.0.1 /tmp/file.list
spawn rsync -avR --files-from=/tmp/file.list / [email protected]:/
The authenticity of host '127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 89:19:99:8c:63:ff:d9:e6:19:0d:81:03:27:54:49:78.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '127.0.0.1' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password: [root@garytao-01 shell]#
备注:如果不能保证对方机器有相同的路径就加上R,编辑rsync.expect
注意:做分发系统expect脚本的前提是需要保证机器密码一样,这样会有一个问题就是如果密码泄露的话就会有安全隐患,所以可以做密钥认证增加安全。
[root@garytao-01 shell]# passwd
更改用户 root 的密码 。
新的 密码:
重新输入新的 密码:
passwd:所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
[root@garytao-01 shell]#
批量远程执行命令
批量执行命令脚本
[root@garytao-01 shell]# vim exe.expect
增加如下脚本内容:
#!/usr/bin/expect
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set passwd "123456"
set cm [lindex $argv 1]
spawn ssh root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"}
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
[root@garytao-01 shell]# chmod a+x exe.expect
## 定义一个exe的sehll脚本
[root@garytao-01 shell]# vim exe.sh
增加如下脚本内容:
#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat /tmp/ip.list`
do
./exe.expect $ip "hostname"
done
##执行脚本
[root@garytao-01 shell]# sh exe.sh
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Tue Feb 27 11:21:39 2018 from 172.16.111.100
[root@garytao-02 ~]# hostname
garytao-02
[root@garytao-02 ~]# spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Tue Feb 27 16:52:17 2018 from 172.16.111.1
[root@garytao-01 ~]# hostname
garytao-01
[root@garytao-01 ~]# [root@garytao-01 shell]#